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assumptions (noun)

  • 1 hypothesis

    n гипотеза, предположение

    on the hypothesis that … — в предположении, что …

    Синонимический ряд:
    1. conjecture (noun) assumption; conjecture; guess; notion; presumption; presupposition
    2. postulate (noun) postulate; premise; supposal; supposition; theorem; theory; thesis
    3. tentative assumptions (noun) assumptions; basis for discussion; educated guess; preliminary layout; tentative assumptions; unproved theory
    Антонимический ряд:

    English-Russian base dictionary > hypothesis

  • 2 seizures

    Синонимический ряд:
    1. arrests (noun) apprehensions; arrests; detentions; pick-ups; pinches
    2. assumptions (noun) appropriations; assumptions; pre-emption; usurpation
    3. attacks (noun) accesses; attacks; fits; spells; throes; turns
    4. catches (noun) captures; catches; clutches; grabs; snatches
    5. commandeering (noun) commandeering; confiscation; expropriations

    English-Russian base dictionary > seizures

  • 3 appropriations

    Синонимический ряд:
    1. assumptions (noun) assumptions; pre-emption; seizures; usurpation
    2. grants (noun) grants; subsidies

    English-Russian base dictionary > appropriations

  • 4 assumption

    noun
    1) Annahme, die

    going on the assumption that... — vorausgesetzt, dass...

    2) (undertaking) Übernahme, die
    3)

    the Assumption — (Relig.) Mariä Himmelfahrt

    * * *
    noun (something assumed: On the assumption that we can produce four pages an hour, the work will be finished tomorrow.) die Annahme
    * * *
    As·sump·tion
    [əˈsʌm(p)ʃən]
    n REL
    ▪ the \Assumption Mariä Himmelfahrt f
    * * *
    [ə'sʌmpSən]
    n
    1) Annahme f; (= presupposition) Voraussetzung f

    to go on the assumption that... — von der Voraussetzung ausgehen, dass...

    the basic assumptions of this theory are... — diese Theorie geht grundsätzlich davon aus, dass...

    2) (of power, role, office etc) Übernahme f; (forcefully) Ergreifen nt
    3) (of guise, false name etc) Annahme f; (insincere of look of innocence etc) Vortäuschung f, Aufsetzen nt
    4) (ECCL)
    * * *
    assumption [əˈsʌmpʃn] s
    1. Annahme f, Voraussetzung f:
    on the assumption that … in der Annahme oder unter der Voraussetzung, dass …;
    be based on the assumption that … sich auf die Annahme stützen, dass…;
    the general assumption was that … es wurde allgemein angenommen, dass …; → academic.ru/58114/proceed">proceed A 7
    2. Übernahme f:
    assumption of office Amtsantritt m
    3. Aneignung f:
    (unlawful) assumption of authority Amtsanmaßung f;
    assumption of power Machtergreifung f
    4. Vortäuschung f
    5. Anmaßung f, Überheblichkeit f
    6. Assumption (Day) KATH Mariä Himmelfahrt f (15. August)
    * * *
    noun
    1) Annahme, die

    going on the assumption that... — vorausgesetzt, dass...

    2) (undertaking) Übernahme, die
    3)

    the Assumption — (Relig.) Mariä Himmelfahrt

    * * *
    n.
    Annahme -n f.
    Vermutung f.
    Voraussetzung f.

    English-german dictionary > assumption

  • 5 consumer

    consommateur(trice) m, f
    consumer acceptance réceptivité f des consommateurs;
    consumer adviser conseiller(ère) m, f de clientèle;
    Consumers' Assocation = association britannique de consommateurs;
    consumer audit audit m consommateur;
    consumer behaviour comportement m du consommateur;
    consumer behaviour study étude f du comportement du consommateur;
    consumer benefit bénéfice m consommateur;
    consumer brand marque f grand public;
    consumer confidence niveau m de confiance des consommateurs;
    consumer credit crédit m à la consommation;
    consumer debt endettement m des consommateurs;
    consumer demand demande f des consommateurs;
    consumer durables biens m pl de consommation (durables);
    consumer expenditure dépenses f pl de consommation;
    consumer goods biens de (grande) consommation;
    consumer group groupe m de consommateurs;
    consumer industry industrie f de consommation;
    consumer journalism = journalisme dans le cadre de la défense des consommateurs;
    consumer loan prêt m à la consommation, prêt personnel;
    consumer loyalty fidélité f du consommateur;
    consumer magazine magazine m pour les consommateurs;
    consumer market marché m de la consommation;
    consumer motivation motivation f de consommateur;
    consumer organization organisme m de défense des consommateurs;
    consumer panel groupe-témoin m, panel m de consommateurs;
    consumer preference préférence f du consommateur;
    American consumer price index indice m des prix à la consommation;
    consumer product bien m de consommation;
    consumer profile profil m du consommateur;
    consumer protection défense f des consommateurs;
    consumer protection agency bureau m d'acceuil des consommateurs;
    consumer purchasing power richesse f vive;
    consumer research recherche f sur les besoins des consommateurs;
    consumer resistance résistance f ou réticence f des consommateurs;
    consumer satisfaction satisfaction f du consommateur;
    consumer society société f de consommation;
    consumer sovereignty souveraineté f du consommateur;
    consumer spending dépenses de consommation ou des ménages;
    consumer survey enquête f auprès des consommateurs;
    consumer test test m auprès des consommateurs;
    consumer test group groupe test des consommateurs;
    consumer testing tests m pl auprès des consommateurs;
    consumer trends tendances f pl de la consommation

    That is a bit extreme, but making assumptions about people can be counter-productive and lead to a puzzling, if not insulting, experience. It is a case of traditional brand-value building competing with the current digital-channels marketing mantra of tailoring the retail offering to an audience of one. The Internet has given retailers more direct access to consumer behaviour and is capable of producing staggering amounts of "clickstream" and other data for analysis.

    English-French business dictionary > consumer

  • 6 presupuesto

    adj.
    presupposed, estimated.
    m.
    1 budget, estimate.
    2 presupposition.
    past part.
    past participle of spanish verb: presuponer.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: presupuestar.
    * * *
    1 (en finanzas, política) budget; (de una obra, reparación) estimate
    2 (supuesto) assumption
    ————————
    1→ link=presuponer presuponer
    1 (en finanzas, política) budget; (de una obra, reparación) estimate
    2 (supuesto) assumption
    \
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (Econ) budget
    2) [para obra, encargo etc] estimate
    3) (=supuesto) premise, assumption
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Fin) budget

    presupuestos generales del Estado — state/national budget

    b) ( precio estimado) estimate

    pedir/hacer un presupuesto — to ask for/give an estimate

    2) ( supuesto) assumption, supposition
    * * *
    = assumption, budget, presumption, presupposition [pre-supposition], quotation, financial statement, budget dollar, purse strings, budget allocation, budgetary allocation, quote.
    Ex. Also, in controlled indexing language data bases, there is often an assumption that a user will be prepared to chase strings of references or to consult a sometimes complex thesaurus.
    Ex. Factors here may be: total budget available for the production of abstracts.
    Ex. Some of these presumptions have served only to perpetuate misconceptions of collection.
    Ex. Computers hold pre-defined and fixed presuppositions, whilst those of humans are unpredictable.
    Ex. When costing, the quotation given seriously underestimated the time needed for the job = Cuando se calculó el costo, el presupuesto que se dio subestimó en gran medida el tiempo necesario para hacer el trabajo.
    Ex. These include an explanatory memorandum which sets out the background of the proposal, and usually also a financial statement of likely budget expenditure.
    Ex. The library and information sectors have to escalate their fight for every budget dollar, and some struggle to justify their very existence.
    Ex. The problem is spreading rapidly, affecting people at all levels of society some of whom control the fate and purse strings of libraries.
    Ex. If there is no policy of standardization, the librarian will be free to choose any suitable system within the budget allocation.
    Ex. The figures in brackets are the percentages of the 1982 budgetary allocations for research.
    Ex. This is the most cost-effective method of acquisition because of the opportunity to choose the least expensive quote from multiple quotes through increasing purchasing power.
    ----
    * administrar el presupuesto = manage + funds.
    * agotar el presupuesto = drain + budget.
    * asignación de presupuesto = budgeting.
    * asignar un presupuesto = allocate + funds.
    * aumentar el presupuesto = add + monies to + budget.
    * austeridad de los presupuestos = budgetary stringency.
    * basarse en + presupuesto = assumption + undergird.
    * confección del presupuesto = budgeting.
    * congelación de los presupuestos = budget freeze.
    * congelar el presupuesto = freeze + budget.
    * controlar el presupuesto = control + the purse strings.
    * control de los presupuestos = budgetary control.
    * con un presupuesto limitado = low-budget.
    * con un presupuesto muy exiguo = on a shoestring (budget).
    * con un presupuesto reducido = low-budget.
    * dado a recortar presupuestos = budget-cutting.
    * elaboración del presupuesto = budgeting process.
    * elaboración de presupuesto = budgeting.
    * encargado de hacer el presupuesto = budgetmaker.
    * encargarse del presupuesto = control + the purse strings.
    * equilibrar el presupuesto = balance + the budget.
    * exceso en el presupuesto = budget overrun, overrun [over-run], cost overrun.
    * hacer un presupuesto = cost.
    * inflar un presupuesto = pad + a budget.
    * limitación del presupuesto = budget constraint.
    * partir de presupuestos = make + assumption.
    * presupuesto asignado por actividades = performance budget.
    * presupuesto asignado según una fórmula = formula budget.
    * presupuesto cada vez más pequeño = shrinking budget.
    * presupuesto cada vez menor = shrinking budget.
    * presupuesto congelado = stagnant budget, frozen budget.
    * presupuesto de adquisiciones = acquisitions budget.
    * presupuesto de base cero = zero-base(d) budgeting (ZZB), zero-base(d) budget.
    * presupuesto desglosado por partidas = programme budget, programme budgetting.
    * presupuesto detallado = line item budget.
    * presupuesto exiguo = shoestring budget.
    * presupuesto extraordinario = capital grant.
    * presupuesto global = lump sum budget.
    * presupuesto para adquisición de material = capital budget.
    * presupuesto para gastos de funcionamiento = operating budget, operating funds.
    * presupuesto para la compra de libros = book funds [bookfunds].
    * presupuesto para la compra de material = materials budget.
    * presupuesto para libros = book budget.
    * presupuesto precario = shoestring budget.
    * presupuesto público = public funding.
    * presupuestos = funding.
    * presupuestos de la mayoría = majority assumptions.
    * presupuestos públicos = state finance.
    * proceso de asignación de presupuestos = budgetary process.
    * recortar el presupuesto = cut back + budget, cut + budget, squeeze + budget.
    * recorte del presupuesto = budgetary constraint, funding cut.
    * recorte de presupuesto = cut in budget.
    * recorte en el presupuesto = funding cut.
    * reducir el presupuesto = cut + monies from + budget.
    * sin exceder el presupuesto = budgetable.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Fin) budget

    presupuestos generales del Estado — state/national budget

    b) ( precio estimado) estimate

    pedir/hacer un presupuesto — to ask for/give an estimate

    2) ( supuesto) assumption, supposition
    * * *
    = assumption, budget, presumption, presupposition [pre-supposition], quotation, financial statement, budget dollar, purse strings, budget allocation, budgetary allocation, quote.

    Ex: Also, in controlled indexing language data bases, there is often an assumption that a user will be prepared to chase strings of references or to consult a sometimes complex thesaurus.

    Ex: Factors here may be: total budget available for the production of abstracts.
    Ex: Some of these presumptions have served only to perpetuate misconceptions of collection.
    Ex: Computers hold pre-defined and fixed presuppositions, whilst those of humans are unpredictable.
    Ex: When costing, the quotation given seriously underestimated the time needed for the job = Cuando se calculó el costo, el presupuesto que se dio subestimó en gran medida el tiempo necesario para hacer el trabajo.
    Ex: These include an explanatory memorandum which sets out the background of the proposal, and usually also a financial statement of likely budget expenditure.
    Ex: The library and information sectors have to escalate their fight for every budget dollar, and some struggle to justify their very existence.
    Ex: The problem is spreading rapidly, affecting people at all levels of society some of whom control the fate and purse strings of libraries.
    Ex: If there is no policy of standardization, the librarian will be free to choose any suitable system within the budget allocation.
    Ex: The figures in brackets are the percentages of the 1982 budgetary allocations for research.
    Ex: This is the most cost-effective method of acquisition because of the opportunity to choose the least expensive quote from multiple quotes through increasing purchasing power.
    * administrar el presupuesto = manage + funds.
    * agotar el presupuesto = drain + budget.
    * asignación de presupuesto = budgeting.
    * asignar un presupuesto = allocate + funds.
    * aumentar el presupuesto = add + monies to + budget.
    * austeridad de los presupuestos = budgetary stringency.
    * basarse en + presupuesto = assumption + undergird.
    * confección del presupuesto = budgeting.
    * congelación de los presupuestos = budget freeze.
    * congelar el presupuesto = freeze + budget.
    * controlar el presupuesto = control + the purse strings.
    * control de los presupuestos = budgetary control.
    * con un presupuesto limitado = low-budget.
    * con un presupuesto muy exiguo = on a shoestring (budget).
    * con un presupuesto reducido = low-budget.
    * dado a recortar presupuestos = budget-cutting.
    * elaboración del presupuesto = budgeting process.
    * elaboración de presupuesto = budgeting.
    * encargado de hacer el presupuesto = budgetmaker.
    * encargarse del presupuesto = control + the purse strings.
    * equilibrar el presupuesto = balance + the budget.
    * exceso en el presupuesto = budget overrun, overrun [over-run], cost overrun.
    * hacer un presupuesto = cost.
    * inflar un presupuesto = pad + a budget.
    * limitación del presupuesto = budget constraint.
    * partir de presupuestos = make + assumption.
    * presupuesto asignado por actividades = performance budget.
    * presupuesto asignado según una fórmula = formula budget.
    * presupuesto cada vez más pequeño = shrinking budget.
    * presupuesto cada vez menor = shrinking budget.
    * presupuesto congelado = stagnant budget, frozen budget.
    * presupuesto de adquisiciones = acquisitions budget.
    * presupuesto de base cero = zero-base(d) budgeting (ZZB), zero-base(d) budget.
    * presupuesto desglosado por partidas = programme budget, programme budgetting.
    * presupuesto detallado = line item budget.
    * presupuesto exiguo = shoestring budget.
    * presupuesto extraordinario = capital grant.
    * presupuesto global = lump sum budget.
    * presupuesto para adquisición de material = capital budget.
    * presupuesto para gastos de funcionamiento = operating budget, operating funds.
    * presupuesto para la compra de libros = book funds [bookfunds].
    * presupuesto para la compra de material = materials budget.
    * presupuesto para libros = book budget.
    * presupuesto precario = shoestring budget.
    * presupuesto público = public funding.
    * presupuestos = funding.
    * presupuestos de la mayoría = majority assumptions.
    * presupuestos públicos = state finance.
    * proceso de asignación de presupuestos = budgetary process.
    * recortar el presupuesto = cut back + budget, cut + budget, squeeze + budget.
    * recorte del presupuesto = budgetary constraint, funding cut.
    * recorte de presupuesto = cut in budget.
    * recorte en el presupuesto = funding cut.
    * reducir el presupuesto = cut + monies from + budget.
    * sin exceder el presupuesto = budgetable.

    * * *
    A
    1 ( Fin) budget
    presupuestos generales del Estado state/national budget
    pedir/hacer un presupuesto to ask for/give an estimate
    B (supuesto) assumption, supposition
    parten de unos presupuestos falsos they are basing their theory on false assumptions o premises
    * * *

     

    Del verbo presuponer: ( conjugate presuponer)

    presupuesto es:

    el participio

    Del verbo presupuestar: ( conjugate presupuestar)

    presupuesto es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    presupuestó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    presuponer    
    presupuestar    
    presupuesto
    presuponer ( conjugate presuponer) verbo transitivo
    to presuppose (frml), assume
    presupuesto sustantivo masculino
    1
    a) (Fin) budget



    2 ( supuesto) assumption, supposition
    presuponer verbo transitivo to presuppose, assume
    presupuestar verbo transitivo
    1 (incluir en un presupuesto) to budget for
    2 (calcular gastos, ingresos) to estimate for
    presupuesto sustantivo masculino
    1 Fin budget
    2 (cálculo aproximado) estimate, (más detallado) quote
    3 (presuposición) supposition, assumption
    Estimate es el presupuesto que pides antes de encargar algún trabajo en un taller, tienda, etc. Budget es el presupuesto que te sirve para planificar tus gastos.
    ' presupuesto' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    ajustada
    - ajustado
    - compromiso
    - consignar
    - contrapartida
    - dar
    - estiramiento
    - hinchar
    - holgada
    - holgado
    - inflar
    - militar
    - nivelar
    - partida
    - presupuestar
    - reforma
    - cotización
    - reducido
    - salir
    English:
    allocate
    - balance
    - budget
    - estimate
    - low-budget
    - quotation
    - quote
    - sales budget
    - B
    - leeway
    * * *
    presupuesto, -a
    ♦ participio
    ver presuponer
    ♦ nm
    1. [dinero disponible] budget
    presupuestos (generales) del Estado state budget, national budget
    2. [cálculo de costes] estimate;
    pedir (un) presupuesto to ask for an estimate;
    me han dado un presupuesto de dos millones they've given me an estimate of two million
    3. [suposición] assumption
    * * *
    I part → presuponer
    II m POL budget
    * * *
    1) : budget, estimate
    2) : assumption, supposition
    * * *
    antes de pintar el piso, pidió varios presupuestos before having the flat painted, she got several estimates

    Spanish-English dictionary > presupuesto

  • 7 wazo

    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] wazo
    [Swahili Plural] mawazo
    [English Word] assumption
    [English Plural] assumptions
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 5/6
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] wazo
    [Swahili Plural] mawazo
    [English Word] conjecture
    [Part of Speech] noun
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] wazo
    [Swahili Plural] mawazo
    [English Word] hypothesis
    [English Plural] hypotheses
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 5/6
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] wazo
    [Swahili Plural] mawazo
    [English Word] idea
    [English Plural] ideas
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 5/6
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] wazo
    [Swahili Plural] mawazo
    [English Word] opinion
    [English Plural] opinions
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 5/6
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] wazo
    [Swahili Plural] mawazo
    [English Word] reflection
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Swahili Example] wa [kaa] katika mawazo
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] wazo
    [Swahili Plural] mawazo
    [English Word] supposition
    [Part of Speech] noun
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] wazo
    [Swahili Plural] mawazo
    [English Word] thought
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 11/6
    [Derived Word] waza V
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] wazo
    [Swahili Plural] mawazo
    [English Word] view
    [English Plural] views
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 5/6
    ------------------------------------------------------------

    Swahili-english dictionary > wazo

  • 8 civilización

    f.
    1 civilization, civilisation, humanity, world.
    2 civilization, culture, civilisation, Kultur.
    3 civilization, civilisation, culture.
    * * *
    1 civilization
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    * * *
    femenino civilization
    * * *
    = civilisation [civilization, -USA].
    Ex. Not so clear, however, is the subtle reinforcement of the majority assumptions provided by such subdivisions as CIVILIZATION OF under the names of indigenous American and African peoples.
    ----
    * choque de civilizaciones = clash of civilisations.
    * civilización humana = human civilisation.
    * civilización occidental = Western civilisation.
    * cuna de la civilización = cradle of civilisation.
    * * *
    femenino civilization
    * * *
    = civilisation [civilization, -USA].

    Ex: Not so clear, however, is the subtle reinforcement of the majority assumptions provided by such subdivisions as CIVILIZATION OF under the names of indigenous American and African peoples.

    * choque de civilizaciones = clash of civilisations.
    * civilización humana = human civilisation.
    * civilización occidental = Western civilisation.
    * cuna de la civilización = cradle of civilisation.

    * * *
    civilization
    las civilizaciones precolombinas pre-Columbian civilizations
    * * *

    civilización sustantivo femenino
    civilization
    civilización sustantivo femenino civilization
    ' civilización' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    primitiva
    - primitivo
    - antiguo
    - cultura
    - decaer
    - morir
    - umbral
    - vestigio
    English:
    civilization
    - cradle
    - old
    * * *
    civilization
    * * *
    f civilization
    * * *
    civilización nf, pl - ciones : civilization
    * * *
    civilización n civilization

    Spanish-English dictionary > civilización

  • 9 consolidación

    f.
    1 consolidation, strengthening.
    2 consolidation, implementation.
    * * *
    1 consolidation
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    * * *
    a) (de situación, acuerdo, victoria) consolidation; (de amistad, relación) strengthening
    b) (Fin) consolidation
    * * *
    = consolidation, reinforcement.
    Ex. The consolidation of abstracts into a polished bulletin or list is usually the responsibility of information staff.
    Ex. Not so clear, however, is the subtle reinforcement of the majority assumptions provided by such subdivisions as CIVILIZATION OF under the names of indigenous American and African peoples.
    * * *
    a) (de situación, acuerdo, victoria) consolidation; (de amistad, relación) strengthening
    b) (Fin) consolidation
    * * *
    = consolidation, reinforcement.

    Ex: The consolidation of abstracts into a polished bulletin or list is usually the responsibility of information staff.

    Ex: Not so clear, however, is the subtle reinforcement of the majority assumptions provided by such subdivisions as CIVILIZATION OF under the names of indigenous American and African peoples.

    * * *
    1 (de una situación, un acuerdo) consolidation; (de una amistad, relación) strengthening
    2 ( Fin) consolidation
    3 ( Mil) consolidation
    * * *

    consolidación sustantivo femenino consolidation
    ' consolidación' also found in these entries:
    English:
    cement
    - reinforcement
    * * *
    1. [de proyecto, democracia] consolidation;
    [amistad] strengthening;
    su tercera novela supuso su consolidación como un gran escritor his third novel confirmed him as a great writer
    2. Fin consolidation
    * * *
    f consolidation

    Spanish-English dictionary > consolidación

  • 10 disuasión

    f.
    dissuasion, determent, deterrence, discouragement.
    * * *
    1 dissuasion
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=convencimiento) dissuasion
    2) (Mil) deterrence
    fuerza 8)
    * * *
    a) (Mil, Pol) deterrence
    b) ( acción de convencer) dissuasion
    * * *
    = deterrence, discouragement.
    Ex. The reduction in theft rate observed was attributed to the psychological deterrence of the security system.
    Ex. Such an approach can lead to confusion and discouragement, and a great deal of energy can be expended on faulty assumptions.
    ----
    * disuasión nuclear = nuclear deterrence.
    * * *
    a) (Mil, Pol) deterrence
    b) ( acción de convencer) dissuasion
    * * *
    = deterrence, discouragement.

    Ex: The reduction in theft rate observed was attributed to the psychological deterrence of the security system.

    Ex: Such an approach can lead to confusion and discouragement, and a great deal of energy can be expended on faulty assumptions.
    * disuasión nuclear = nuclear deterrence.

    * * *
    1 ( Mil, Pol) deterrence
    como disuasión contra cualquier agresión as a deterrent against possible attacks
    * * *

    disuasión sustantivo femenino (Mil, Pol) deterrence
    disuasión sustantivo femenino dissuasion: habrá que adoptar medidas de disuasión más contundentes, we'll need to adopt more forceful dissuasion techniques
    * * *
    deterrence;
    tiene gran capacidad de disuasión he's very good at talking people out of things;
    política de disuasión policy of deterrence
    * * *
    f dissuasion
    * * *
    disuasión nf, pl - siones : dissuasion

    Spanish-English dictionary > disuasión

  • 11 mayoría

    f.
    1 majority, bulk.
    2 marginal constituency.
    * * *
    1 majority
    ■ la mayoría de los hombres... most men...
    \
    estar en mayoría to be in the majority
    mayoría absoluta absolute majority
    mayoría de edad age of majority
    mayoría relativa relative majority
    mayoría silenciosa silent majority
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=mayor parte) majority

    la mayoría de los españoles — the majority of Spaniards, most Spaniards

    la mayoría de las veces — usually, on most occasions

    islas inhabitadas en su mayoría — islands, most of which are o which are mostly uninhabited

    mayoría minoritaria — simple majority, relative majority

    mayoría relativa — simple majority, relative majority

    2)

    mayoría de edad — adulthood, majority

    cumplir o llegar a la mayoría de edad — to come of age

    * * *
    a) ( mayor parte) majority

    la mayoría de los especialistas — most of the experts, the majority of experts

    la gran mayoría de... — the great majority of...

    ser mayoría or estar en mayoría — to be in the majority

    b) (Pol) ( margen) majority
    * * *
    = majority, silent majority.
    Nota: La mayoría de las personas que al no participar en una actividad, sea cual sea (aunque en general se aplica al gobierno de un país), se considera que están de acuerdo con la situación.
    Ex. These headings, therefore, in addition to exhibiting a bias in favor of the majority, actively hinder access.
    Ex. Supported by a silent majority, the leaders can rule without giving the impression of being an oligarchy.
    ----
    * alcanzar la mayoría de edad = come of + age.
    * cubrir la mayoría de las necesidades = go + most of the way.
    * en la inmensa mayoría = overwhelmingly.
    * en la mayoría de = in the majority of.
    * en la mayoría de las veces = mostly, in most cases.
    * en la mayoría de los casos = most often, in most cases, in the majority of cases, mostly, under most circumstances.
    * en su mayoría = for the most part, mostly, much of it, in most respects.
    * estar en mayoría = be in the majority.
    * gobierno de la mayoría = majority rule.
    * la fuerza de la mayoría = strength in numbers.
    * la gran mayoría de = the vast majority of, the bulk of.
    * la mayoría con mucho = the vast majority of.
    * la mayoría de = the majority of, most + Nombre, the main bulk of.
    * la mayoria de la gente = most people, the majority of the people.
    * la mayoría de las personas = most people, the majority of the people.
    * la mayoría de las veces = most of the time, more often than not.
    * la mayoría del mundo = the majority of the world, most people, the majority of the people.
    * la mayoría del tiempo = most of the time.
    * más de la mayoría de los + Nombre = more than most + Nombre.
    * mayoría absoluta = absolute majority.
    * mayoría aplastante = overwhelming majority.
    * mayoría de edad = adulthood.
    * mayoría de, la = generality of, the.
    * mayoría étnica, la = majority culture, the.
    * mayoría moral, la = moral majority, the.
    * mayoría silenciosa = silent majority.
    * mayoría simple = simple majority.
    * opinión de la mayoría = majority opinion.
    * poseído por la mayoría = widely held.
    * presupuestos de la mayoría = majority assumptions.
    * ser la mayoría = be in the majority.
    * una gran mayoría de = a large proportion of.
    * votar por mayoría a = return + a majority for.
    * * *
    a) ( mayor parte) majority

    la mayoría de los especialistas — most of the experts, the majority of experts

    la gran mayoría de... — the great majority of...

    ser mayoría or estar en mayoría — to be in the majority

    b) (Pol) ( margen) majority
    * * *
    = majority, silent majority.
    Nota: La mayoría de las personas que al no participar en una actividad, sea cual sea (aunque en general se aplica al gobierno de un país), se considera que están de acuerdo con la situación.

    Ex: These headings, therefore, in addition to exhibiting a bias in favor of the majority, actively hinder access.

    Ex: Supported by a silent majority, the leaders can rule without giving the impression of being an oligarchy.
    * alcanzar la mayoría de edad = come of + age.
    * cubrir la mayoría de las necesidades = go + most of the way.
    * en la inmensa mayoría = overwhelmingly.
    * en la mayoría de = in the majority of.
    * en la mayoría de las veces = mostly, in most cases.
    * en la mayoría de los casos = most often, in most cases, in the majority of cases, mostly, under most circumstances.
    * en su mayoría = for the most part, mostly, much of it, in most respects.
    * estar en mayoría = be in the majority.
    * gobierno de la mayoría = majority rule.
    * la fuerza de la mayoría = strength in numbers.
    * la gran mayoría de = the vast majority of, the bulk of.
    * la mayoría con mucho = the vast majority of.
    * la mayoría de = the majority of, most + Nombre, the main bulk of.
    * la mayoria de la gente = most people, the majority of the people.
    * la mayoría de las personas = most people, the majority of the people.
    * la mayoría de las veces = most of the time, more often than not.
    * la mayoría del mundo = the majority of the world, most people, the majority of the people.
    * la mayoría del tiempo = most of the time.
    * más de la mayoría de los + Nombre = more than most + Nombre.
    * mayoría absoluta = absolute majority.
    * mayoría aplastante = overwhelming majority.
    * mayoría de edad = adulthood.
    * mayoría de, la = generality of, the.
    * mayoría étnica, la = majority culture, the.
    * mayoría moral, la = moral majority, the.
    * mayoría silenciosa = silent majority.
    * mayoría simple = simple majority.
    * opinión de la mayoría = majority opinion.
    * poseído por la mayoría = widely held.
    * presupuestos de la mayoría = majority assumptions.
    * ser la mayoría = be in the majority.
    * una gran mayoría de = a large proportion of.
    * votar por mayoría a = return + a majority for.

    * * *
    1 (mayor parte) majority
    la mayoría de los especialistas most of the experts, the majority of experts
    la inmensa mayoría de los españoles the great o vast majority of Spaniards
    los participantes, en su mayoría jóvenes, … the participants, most of them young, … o the majority of them young, …
    estar en mayoría to be in the majority
    2 ( Pol) (margen) majority
    Compuestos:
    absolute majority
    age of majority
    al alcanzar or llegar a la mayoría de edad on coming of age, on reaching the age of majority
    moral majority
    simple o ( BrE) relative majority
    consiguió una mayoría relativa he topped the poll o he achieved the highest number of votes
    silent majority
    simple majority
    * * *

     

    mayoría sustantivo femenino
    majority;
    ◊ la gran mayoría de … the great majority of …;

    ser mayoría or estar en mayoría to be in the majority;
    gobierno de la mayoría majority rule;
    mayoría absoluta/relativa absolute/simple majority;
    llegar a la mayoría de edad to come of age
    mayoría sustantivo femenino
    1 majority, most: la mayoría de los alumnos vive cerca, most of the students live nearby
    la mayoría de los españoles es escéptica, most Spaniards are sceptics
    una mayoría silenciosa, a silent majority
    2 Pol majority: el partido nacionalista ganó por mayoría, the nationalist party won by a majority
    mayoría absoluta/relativa/simple, absolute/relative/ simple majority
    La palabra majority es algo formal fuera del contexto político. Normalmente traducimos mayoría por most o most of. Most se emplea para indicar un concepto general (la mayoría de la gente, most people; la mayoría de los hombres, most men) y most of para referirse a un grupo reducido (la mayoría de mis amigos, most of my friends). ➣ Ver nota en majority

    ' mayoría' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    rebaño
    - refrendar
    - abrumador
    - alcanzar
    - amplio
    - aplastante
    - arrollador
    - generalidad
    - grande
    - holgado
    - no
    English:
    adulthood
    - age
    - bulk
    - clear
    - edition
    - elect
    - electorate
    - get on
    - great
    - majority
    - most
    - mostly
    - of
    - often
    - silent
    - sports
    - vast
    - vote
    * * *
    1. [mayor parte] majority;
    la mayoría de most of;
    la mayoría de las veces usually, most often;
    en su mayoría in the main
    mayoría absoluta absolute majority;
    mayoría cualificada qualified majority;
    mayoría relativa Br relative majority, US plurality;
    mayoría silenciosa silent majority;
    mayoría simple simple majority
    2. [edad adulta] mayoría de edad (age of) majority;
    la mayoría de edad democrática del país the country's democratic coming of age
    * * *
    f majority;
    mayoría de votos majority of votes;
    la mayoría de the majority of, most (of);
    en la mayoría de los casos in the majority of cases, in most cases;
    la mayoría de las veces most of the time
    * * *
    1) : majority
    2)
    en su mayoría : on the whole
    * * *
    mayoría n majority

    Spanish-English dictionary > mayoría

  • 12 refuerzo

    m.
    1 reinforcement.
    2 booster.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: reforzar.
    * * *
    1 (fortalecimiento) reinforcement, strengthening
    1 MILITAR reinforcements
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=reforzamiento) reinforcement
    2) (Téc) support
    3) pl refuerzos (Mil) reinforcements
    4) (=ayuda) aid
    * * *
    1)
    a) (para puerta, pared, costura) reinforcement
    b) ( de vacuna) booster
    c) refuerzos masculino plural (Mil) reinforcements (pl)
    2) (Ur) ( sandwich) French-bread sandwich
    * * *
    = reinforcement, re-enforcement, buttress.
    Ex. Not so clear, however, is the subtle reinforcement of the majority assumptions provided by such subdivisions as CIVILIZATION OF under the names of indigenous American and African peoples.
    Ex. A famous gaolbreak there led to Henry VIII ordering re-enforcement of the floor with giant stone blocks.
    Ex. They used schools as a buttress of a caste system designed to subordinate blacks socially, to cramp them economically under a rigid job ceiling.
    ----
    * alambre de refuerzo = metal underwire, underwire.
    * anilla de refuerzo = grommet.
    * refuerzo de alambre = metal underwire, underwire.
    * sujetador con refuerzo de alambre = underwire bra.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (para puerta, pared, costura) reinforcement
    b) ( de vacuna) booster
    c) refuerzos masculino plural (Mil) reinforcements (pl)
    2) (Ur) ( sandwich) French-bread sandwich
    * * *
    = reinforcement, re-enforcement, buttress.

    Ex: Not so clear, however, is the subtle reinforcement of the majority assumptions provided by such subdivisions as CIVILIZATION OF under the names of indigenous American and African peoples.

    Ex: A famous gaolbreak there led to Henry VIII ordering re-enforcement of the floor with giant stone blocks.
    Ex: They used schools as a buttress of a caste system designed to subordinate blacks socially, to cramp them economically under a rigid job ceiling.
    * alambre de refuerzo = metal underwire, underwire.
    * anilla de refuerzo = grommet.
    * refuerzo de alambre = metal underwire, underwire.
    * sujetador con refuerzo de alambre = underwire bra.

    * * *
    A
    1 (para una puerta, pared, costura) reinforcement
    2 (de una vacuna) booster
    3 ( Psic) reinforcement
    4 refuerzos mpl ( Mil) reinforcements (pl)
    B (Ur) (sandwich) French-bread sandwich
    * * *

    Del verbo reforzar: ( conjugate reforzar)

    refuerzo es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    reforzar    
    refuerzo
    reforzar ( conjugate reforzar) verbo transitivo ‹puerta/costura› to reinforce;
    ‹ guardia› to increase, strengthen;
    ‹ relaciones› to reinforce;
    ‹ medidas de seguridad› to step up, tighten
    refuerzo sustantivo masculino
    a) (para puerta, pared, costura) reinforcement


    c)

    ◊ refuerzos sustantivo masculino plural (Mil) reinforcements (pl)

    reforzar verbo transitivo
    1 (fortalecer) to reinforce, strengthen: solo lo hace para reforzar sus convicciones, he only does it to reinforce his convictions
    2 (incrementar) han reforzado la vigilancia, vigilance has been stepped up
    refuerzo sustantivo masculino
    1 (acción) reinforcement, strengthening
    2 (de vitaminas, etc) supplement
    3 refuerzos, (de personas) reinforcements
    ' refuerzo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    ballena
    English:
    reinforcement
    - remedial
    - back
    - booster
    - patch
    - support
    * * *
    ♦ nm
    1. [acción] reinforcement
    2. [de tela, cuero] backing
    3. Mil
    refuerzos reinforcements;
    soldados de refuerzo reinforcements
    4. RP [bocadillo] filled roll
    * * *
    m reinforcement;
    refuerzos pl MIL reinforcements
    * * *
    : reinforcement, support

    Spanish-English dictionary > refuerzo

  • 13 range

    I [reɪndʒ]
    1) (of colours, products) gamma f., assortimento m., scelta f.; (of prices) gamma f.; (of activities, options) serie f.
    2) (of people, abilities, issues, assumptions) serie f.; (of beliefs) varietà f.; (of emotions) gamma f.

    salary range, age range — fascia retributiva, d'età

    3) (scope) (of influence, knowledge) sfera f., campo m.; (of investigation, research) campo m., area f.
    4) (of radar, transmitter) portata f.; (of weapon) portata f., gittata f.
    5) aut. aer. autonomia f.
    6) AE (prairie) prateria f.
    7) (of mountains) catena f.
    8) AE (stove) (wood) fornello m.; (gas, electric) cucina f.
    9) (firing area) (for weapons) poligono m. (di tiro); (for missiles) poligono m. sperimentale
    10) teatr. (of actor) repertorio m.
    11) mus. (of voice, instrument) estensione f.
    II 1. [reɪndʒ]
    verbo transitivo (set) mettere, disporre; (draw up) schierare [ troops]
    2.
    1) (vary) andare ( from da; to a); [ temperatures] variare, oscillare

    to range over sth. — [ speech] coprire, toccare [ subjects]

    2) (roam, wander) errare
    * * *
    [rein‹] 1. noun
    1) (a selection or variety: a wide range of books for sale; He has a very wide range of interests.) gamma, varietà
    2) (the distance over which an object can be sent or thrown, sound can be heard etc: What is the range of this missile?; We are within range of / beyond the range of / out of range of their guns.) raggio, portata
    3) (the amount between certain limits: I'm hoping for a salary within the range $30,000 to $34,000; the range of a person's voice between his highest and lowest notes.) fascia; estensione
    4) (a row or series: a mountain range.) catena
    5) (in the United States, land, usually without fences, on which cattle etc can graze.) prateria
    6) (a place where a person can practise shooting etc; a rifle-range.) poligono
    7) (a large kitchen stove with a flat top.) fornelli
    2. verb
    1) (to put in a row or rows: The two armies were ranged on opposite sides of the valley.) allineare, schierare
    2) (to vary between certain limits: Weather conditions here range between bad and dreadful / from bad to dreadful.) variare
    3) (to go, move, extend etc: His talk ranged over a number of topics.) coprire, spaziare su
    •
    * * *
    I [reɪndʒ]
    1) (of colours, products) gamma f., assortimento m., scelta f.; (of prices) gamma f.; (of activities, options) serie f.
    2) (of people, abilities, issues, assumptions) serie f.; (of beliefs) varietà f.; (of emotions) gamma f.

    salary range, age range — fascia retributiva, d'età

    3) (scope) (of influence, knowledge) sfera f., campo m.; (of investigation, research) campo m., area f.
    4) (of radar, transmitter) portata f.; (of weapon) portata f., gittata f.
    5) aut. aer. autonomia f.
    6) AE (prairie) prateria f.
    7) (of mountains) catena f.
    8) AE (stove) (wood) fornello m.; (gas, electric) cucina f.
    9) (firing area) (for weapons) poligono m. (di tiro); (for missiles) poligono m. sperimentale
    10) teatr. (of actor) repertorio m.
    11) mus. (of voice, instrument) estensione f.
    II 1. [reɪndʒ]
    verbo transitivo (set) mettere, disporre; (draw up) schierare [ troops]
    2.
    1) (vary) andare ( from da; to a); [ temperatures] variare, oscillare

    to range over sth. — [ speech] coprire, toccare [ subjects]

    2) (roam, wander) errare

    English-Italian dictionary > range

  • 14 wrong

    roŋ
    1. adjective
    1) (having an error or mistake(s); incorrect: The child gave the wrong answer; We went in the wrong direction.) equivocado, erróneo, incorrecto
    2) (incorrect in one's answer(s), opinion(s) etc; mistaken: I thought Singapore was south of the Equator, but I was quite wrong.) equivocado
    3) (not good, not morally correct etc: It is wrong to steal.) malo
    4) (not suitable: He's the wrong man for the job.) inadecuado, impropio, inoportuno
    5) (not right; not normal: There's something wrong with this engine; What's wrong with that child - why is she crying?) que no va bien, que no funciona

    2. adverb
    (incorrectly: I think I may have spelt her name wrong.) mal, incorrectamente

    3. noun
    (that which is not morally correct: He does not know right from wrong.) mal

    4. verb
    (to insult or hurt unjustly: You wrong me by suggesting that I'm lying.) ser injusto con, juzgar, agraviar
    - wrongfully
    - wrongfulness
    - wrongly
    - wrongdoer
    - wrongdoing
    - do someone wrong
    - do wrong
    - do wrong
    - go wrong
    - in the wrong
    wrong1 adj
    1. incorrecto / erróneo
    2. equivocado / mal / que no es
    3. malo
    wrong2 adv mal
    to go wrong estropearse / averiarse
    wrong3 n mal
    tr[rɒŋ]
    1 (erroneous) erróneo,-a, equivocado,-a, incorrecto,-a
    we're going the wrong way nos hemos equivocado de camino, vamos mal
    they arrested the wrong man detuvieron al hombre que no era, detuvieron al hombre equivocado
    2 (mistaken) equivocado,-a
    you're wrong in thinking that... te equivocas si piensas que...
    3 (evil, immoral) malo,-a; (unacceptable, unfair) injusto,-a
    4 (amiss) mal
    what's wrong? ¿qué pasa?
    is anything wrong? ¿pasa algo?
    what's wrong with him? ¿qué le pasa?
    5 (unsuitable) inadecuado,-a, impropio,-a; (time) inoportuno,-a
    1 mal, incorrectamente, equivocadamente
    1 (evil, bad action) mal nombre masculino
    she can do no wrong in his eyes para él, todo lo que ella hace está bien
    2 (injustice) injusticia; (offence) agravio
    1 (treat unfairly) ser injusto,-a con; (judge unfairly) juzgar mal; (offend) agraviar
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    to be from the wrong side of the tracks ser de los barrios bajos
    to be in the wrong (mistaken) estar equivocado,-a 2 (at fault) tener la culpa
    to be on the wrong side of forty «(fifty etc)» tener cuarenta (cincuenta etc) años bien cumplidos
    to be wrong (person) estar equivocado,-a, no tener razón, equivocarse
    to have/get the wrong number (tel) confundirse de número, equivocarse de número
    to get (hold of) the wrong end of the stick coger el rábano por las hojas
    to get somebody wrong malinterpretar a alguien
    to get something wrong equivocarse, no acertar
    to go down the wrong hole/way atragantarse
    to go wrong (things in general) salir mal 2 (make a mistake) equivocarse 3 (go wrong way) equivocarse de camino; (machine, device) romperse, estropearse; (plan) fallar, fracasar
    to right a wrong deshacer un entuerto
    two wrongs don't make a right no se subsana un error cometiendo otro
    wrong side out al revés
    wrong ['rɔŋ] vt, wronged ; wronging : ofender, ser injusto con
    wrong adv
    : mal, incorrectamente
    wrong adj, wronger ['rɔŋər] ; wrongest ['rɔŋəst]
    1) evil, sinful: malo, injusto, inmoral
    2) improper, unsuitable: inadecuado, inapropiado, malo
    3) incorrect: incorrecto, erróneo, malo
    a wrong answer: una mala respuesta
    4)
    to be wrong : equivocarse, estar equivocado
    1) injustice: injusticia f, mal m
    2) offense: ofensa f, agravio m (en derecho)
    3)
    to be in the wrong : haber hecho mal, estar equivocado
    v.
    • agraviar v.
    • injuriar v.
    • ofender v.
    adj.
    • desacertado, -a adj.
    • equivocado, -a adj.
    • erróneo, -a adj.
    • incorrecto, -a adj.
    • inexacto, -a adj.
    • injusto, -a adj.
    • mal adj.
    adv.
    • injustamente adv.
    • mal adv.
    n.
    • agravio s.m.
    • daño s.m.
    • entuerto s.m.
    • error s.m.
    • injuria s.f.
    • injusticia s.f.
    • mal s.m.
    • perjuicio s.m.
    • sinrazón s.m.
    • tuerto s.m.

    I rɔːŋ, rɒŋ
    1)
    a) (incorrect, inappropriate)< answer> equivocado

    the answer is wrong — la respuesta está mal or equivocada, la respuesta es incorrecta or (frml) errónea

    he went in the wrong direction — tomó or (esp Esp) cogió para dónde no debía

    you're in the wrong job, you should be a painter — te has equivocado de oficio, deberías ser pintor

    b) ( mistaken) (pred)

    to be wrong — estar* equivocado

    2) ( morally)

    you were wrong to shout at her like that — no debiste haberle gritado así, estuviste mal en gritarle así

    what's wrong with that? — ¿qué hay de malo en eso?

    3) ( amiss) (pred)

    what's wrong? — ¿qué pasa?

    what's wrong with you? — ¿qué te pasa?, ¿qué tienes?

    something's wrong with the lock — la cerradura no anda bien, algo le pasa a la cerradura

    4) ( reverse)

    II
    adverb < answer> mal, incorrectamente

    I assume you're paying - well, you assume wrong — imagino que pagas tú - pues estás en un error or te equivocas

    to get something wrong: you've got your facts wrong estás mal informado; you've got it all wrong: we're trying to help you no has entendido nada: estamos tratando de ayudarte; to get somebody wrong (colloq): I got him all wrong me equivoqué totalmente con él; don't get me wrong no me malinterpretes; to go wrong \<\<machinery\>\> estropearse, descomponerse* (AmL); \<\<plans\>\> salir* mal, fallar; it's straight ahead, you can't go wrong siga derecho, no se puede perder or (Esp tb) no tiene pérdida; he began to go wrong at college — en la universidad empezó a ir por mal camino


    III
    a) u c ( immoral action) mal m; ( injustice) injusticia f

    to know right from wrong — saber* distinguir entre el bien y el mal

    in her eyes he can do no wrong — para ella, es incapaz de hacer nada malo

    to be in the wrong —: estar* equivocado

    b) c ( Law) agravio m

    IV
    [rɒŋ]
    1. ADJ
    1) (morally) (=bad) malo; (=unfair) injusto

    it's wrong to steal, stealing is wrong — robar está mal

    • there's nothing wrong in that — no hay nada malo en eso

    • that was very wrong of you — ahí or en eso has hecho muy mal

    • you were wrong to do that — hacer eso estuvo mal por tu parte

    • what's wrong with a drink now and again? — ¿qué tiene de malo tomarse una copa de vez en cuando?

    2) (=incorrect, mistaken) [answer] incorrecto; [calculation, belief] equivocado

    to be wrong — [person] equivocarse, estar equivocado

    • you're wrong about that — ahí or en eso estás equivocado

    • that clock is wrong — ese reloj anda or marcha mal

    • the letter has the wrong date on it — la carta tiene la fecha equivocada

    • you've opened the packet at the wrong end — has abierto el paquete por el lado que no es, has abierto el paquete al revés

    • I was wrong in thinking that... — me equivoqué al pensar que...

    • I'm in the wrong job — tengo un puesto que no me conviene

    • he's got the wrong kind of friends — no tiene los amigos apropiados

    • she married the wrong man — se equivocó al casarse con él

    • to play a wrong note — tocar una nota falsa

    • you have the wrong number — (Telec) se ha equivocado de número

    • it's the wrong one — no es el/la que hace falta

    • I think you're talking to the wrong person — creo que no es conmigo con quien debería hablar

    • it's in the wrong place — está mal situado, está mal colocado

    • is this the wrong road? — ¿nos habremos equivocado de camino?

    • wrong side — [of cloth] revés m, envés m

    • to say/do the wrong thing — decir/hacer algo inoportuno

    • at the wrong time — inoportunamente

    • we were on the wrong train — nos habíamos equivocado de tren

    • the wrong way round — al revés

    to go the wrong way — (on route) equivocarse de camino

    rub up
    3) (=amiss)

    is anything or something wrong? — ¿pasa algo?

    what's wrong? — ¿qué pasa?

    what's wrong with you? — ¿qué te pasa?

    what's wrong with the car? — ¿qué le pasa al coche?

    nothing's wrong, there's nothing wrong — no pasa nada

    there's nothing wrong with it/him — no le pasa nada

    something's wrong, there's something wrong — hay algo mal or que no está bien

    there's something wrong with my lights, something's wrong with my lights — algo les pasa a mis faros

    4)
    2.
    ADV mal

    • to answer wrong — contestar mal, contestar incorrectamente

    • you did wrong to insult him — hiciste mal en insultarle

    • you're doing it all wrong — lo estás haciendo todo mal

    • you've done it wrong — lo has hecho mal

    • to get sth wrong — equivocarse en algo

    you've got it all wrong * — (=misunderstood) no has entendido nada

    • to go wrong — [person] (on route) equivocarse de camino; (in calculation) equivocarse; (morally) ir por el mal camino; [plan] salir mal, malograrse (Peru), cebarse (Mex) *; (Mech) fallar, estropearse

    you can't go wrong — (with choice) no te equivocarás, puedes estar seguro ( with con); (in directions) no tiene pérdida

    well, in that case you thought wrong — bueno, en ese caso pensaste mal

    3.
    N mal m

    • to do sb a wrong — hacer mal a algn

    • to be in the wrong — (=guilty) obrar mal; (=mistaken) estar equivocado

    to put sb in the wrong — dejar en mal lugar a algn, poner en evidencia a algn

    • to right a wrong — deshacer un agravio, acabar con un abuso

    right 3., 1)
    4.
    * * *

    I [rɔːŋ, rɒŋ]
    1)
    a) (incorrect, inappropriate)< answer> equivocado

    the answer is wrong — la respuesta está mal or equivocada, la respuesta es incorrecta or (frml) errónea

    he went in the wrong direction — tomó or (esp Esp) cogió para dónde no debía

    you're in the wrong job, you should be a painter — te has equivocado de oficio, deberías ser pintor

    b) ( mistaken) (pred)

    to be wrong — estar* equivocado

    2) ( morally)

    you were wrong to shout at her like that — no debiste haberle gritado así, estuviste mal en gritarle así

    what's wrong with that? — ¿qué hay de malo en eso?

    3) ( amiss) (pred)

    what's wrong? — ¿qué pasa?

    what's wrong with you? — ¿qué te pasa?, ¿qué tienes?

    something's wrong with the lock — la cerradura no anda bien, algo le pasa a la cerradura

    4) ( reverse)

    II
    adverb < answer> mal, incorrectamente

    I assume you're paying - well, you assume wrong — imagino que pagas tú - pues estás en un error or te equivocas

    to get something wrong: you've got your facts wrong estás mal informado; you've got it all wrong: we're trying to help you no has entendido nada: estamos tratando de ayudarte; to get somebody wrong (colloq): I got him all wrong me equivoqué totalmente con él; don't get me wrong no me malinterpretes; to go wrong \<\<machinery\>\> estropearse, descomponerse* (AmL); \<\<plans\>\> salir* mal, fallar; it's straight ahead, you can't go wrong siga derecho, no se puede perder or (Esp tb) no tiene pérdida; he began to go wrong at college — en la universidad empezó a ir por mal camino


    III
    a) u c ( immoral action) mal m; ( injustice) injusticia f

    to know right from wrong — saber* distinguir entre el bien y el mal

    in her eyes he can do no wrong — para ella, es incapaz de hacer nada malo

    to be in the wrong —: estar* equivocado

    b) c ( Law) agravio m

    IV

    English-spanish dictionary > wrong

  • 15 nouveau

    nouveau, nouvelle (masculine plural nouveaux) [nuvo, nuvεl]
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► nouvel, instead of nouveau, is used before a masculine noun beginning with a vowel or silent h.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    1. adjective
       a. new
       b. ( = autre, supplémentaire) another
    2. masculine noun
       a. ( = homme) new man ; ( = élève) new boy
       b. ( = nouveauté) y a-t-il du nouveau à ce sujet ? is there anything new on this?
    3. feminine noun
       a. ( = femme) new woman ; ( = élève) new girl
       b. ( = événement) news uncount
    • ce n'est pas une nouvelle ! that's nothing new!
    • vous connaissez la nouvelle ? have you heard the news?
    • première nouvelle ! that's the first I've heard about it!
       c. ( = court récit) short story
    4. plural feminine noun
    • quelles nouvelles ? what's new?
    • aux dernières nouvelles, il était à Paris the last I (or we etc) heard he was in Paris
    • avez-vous de ses nouvelles ? have you heard from him? ; (par un tiers) have you had any news of him?
    • il aura de mes nouvelles ! (inf) I'll give him a piece of my mind!
    * * *

    1.
    ( nouvel before vowel or mute h), nouvelle, mpl nouveaux nuvo, nuvɛl adjectif
    1) (qui remplace, succède) [modèle, locataire] new; ( qui s'ajoute) [attentat, tentative] fresh

    se faire faire un nouveau costume — ( pour remplacer) to have a new suit made; ( supplémentaire) to have another suit made

    2) ( d'apparition récente) [mot, virus, science, ville] new; ( de la saison) [pommes de terre, vin] new
    3) ( original) [ligne, méthode] new, original
    4) ( novice)

    2.
    nom masculin, féminin ( à l'école) new student; ( dans une entreprise) new employee; ( à l'armée) new recruit

    je ne sais pas, je suis nouveau — I don't know, I'm new here


    3.
    nom masculin

    4.
    à nouveau, de nouveau locution adverbiale (once) again
    Phrasal Verbs:
    ••
    * * *
    nuvo, nuvɛl (nouvelle) nouvel (devant un nom masculin commençant par une voyelle ou un h muet) nouveaux mpl
    1. adj

    Il me faut un nouveau pantalon. — I need some new trousers.

    Elle a une nouvelle voiture. — She's got a new car.

    2) (en plus) another

    Il y eu un nouvel accident au carrefour. — There's been another accident at the crossroads.

    3) (élève) new

    Il y a un nouvel élève dans ma classe. — There's a new boy in my class.

    4) (récent) new

    C'est nouveau, essayez-le. — It's new, try it.

    5) (= original) (idée, solution) novel
    2. nm/f
    1) (élève) new pupil
    2) (étudiant) new student
    3) (employé) new employee

    Il y a plusieurs nouveaux dans la classe. — There are several new children in the class.

    3. nm

    Il y a du nouveau. — There's something new., There's a new development.

    Il pleut de nouveau. — It's raining again.

    4. nf
    1) (= information) piece of news, news sg

    C'est une nouvelle intéressante. — That's interesting news.

    être sans nouvelles de qn; Je suis sans nouvelles de lui. — I haven't heard from him.

    2) LITTÉRATURE short story
    5. nouvelles nfpl
    PRESSE, TV news
    * * *
    A adj
    1 (qui remplace, succède, s'ajoute) new; le nouveau modèle/système/locataire the new model/system/tenant; où se trouve la nouvelle entrée? where's the new entrance?; c'est le nouveau Nijinsky he's the new ou a second Nijinsky; se faire faire un nouveau costume ( pour remplacer) to have a new suit made; ( supplémentaire) to have another ou a new suit made; il a subi une nouvelle opération he's had another ou a new operation; il y a eu un nouvel incident there's been another ou a new ou a fresh incident; faire une nouvelle tentative to make another ou a new ou a fresh attempt; ces nouveaux attentats these new ou fresh atta!cks; procéder à de nouvelles arrestations to make further arrests; nous avons de nouvelles preuves de leur culpabilité we have further evidence of their guilt; une nouvelle fois once again;
    2 ( d'apparition récente) [mot, virus, science, ville] new; ( de la saison) [pommes de terre, vin] new; tiens, tu fumes! c'est nouveau? you're smoking! is this a new habit?; c'est nouveau ce manteau? is this a new coat?; ce genre de travail est nouveau pour moi this sort of work is new to me, I'm new to this sort of work; tout nouveau brand-new; les nouveaux élus the newly-elected members; les nouveaux mariés the newlyweds; la nouvelle venue the newcomer; les nouveaux venus the newcomers; ⇒ pauvre C;
    3 ( original) [ligne, conception, méthode] new, original; voir qch sous un jour nouveau to see sth in a new light; c'est une façon très nouvelle d'aborder le problème it's a very novel approach to the problem; ce n'est pas nouveau this is nothing new; il n'y a rien de nouveau there's nothing new;
    4 ( novice) être nouveau dans le métier/en affaires to be new to the job/in business.
    B nm,f
    1 ( à l'école) new student; tu as vu la nouvelle? have you seen the new student?;
    2 ( dans une entreprise) new employee; il y a trois nouveaux dans le bureau there are three new people in the office; je ne sais pas, je suis nouveau I don't know, I'm new here;
    3 ( à l'armée) new recruit.
    C nm
    1 ( rebondissement) il y a du nouveau ( dans un processus) there's been a new development; ( dans une situation) there' s been a change; téléphone-moi s'il y a du nouveau give me a ring GB ou call if there is anything new (to report); j'ai du nouveau pour toi I've got some news for you;
    2 ( nouveauté) il nous faut du nouveau we want something new.
    D nouvelle nf
    1 ( annonce d'un événement) news ¢; une nouvelle gén a piece of news; Presse, TV, Radio a news item; une bonne/mauvaise nouvelle some good/bad news; j'ai une grande nouvelle (à t'annoncer) I've got some exciting news (for you); j'ai appris deux bonnes nouvelles I've heard two pieces of good news; tu connais la nouvelle? have you heard the news?; première nouvelle○! that's news to me!, that's the first I've heard of it!; la nouvelle de qch the news of [décès, arrestation, mariage]; la nouvel!le de sa mort nous a beaucoup peinés we were very sa!d to hear about his/her death; ⇒ faux;
    2 Littérat short story; un recueil de nouvelles a collection of short stories.
    E à nouveau, de nouveau loc adv (once) again.
    F nouvelles nfpl
    1 ( renseignements) news (sg); recevoir des nouvelles de qn ( par la personne elle-même) to hear from sb; ( par un intermédiaire) to hear news of sb; il y a un mois que je suis sans nouvelles de lui I haven't heard from him for a month; on est sans nouvelles des prisonniers we've had no news of the prisoners; je prendrai de tes nouvelles I'll hear how you're getting on; donne-moi de tes nouvelles let me know how you're getting on; il m'a demandé de tes nouvelles he asked after you; faire prendre des nouvelles d'un malade to send for news of a patient; je viens aux nouvelles○ ( de ce qui s'est passé) I've come to see what's happened; ( de ce qui se passe) I've come to see what's happening; aux dernières nouvelles, il se porte bien○ the last I heard he was doing fine; il aura de mes nouvelles○! he'll be hearing from me!; goûte ce petit vin, tu m'en diras des nouvelles○ have a taste of this wine, it's really good!;
    2 Presse, Radio, TV les nouvelles the news (sg); les nouvelles sont mauvaises the news is bad; les nouvelles du front news from the front.
    nouveau franc new franc; nouveau philosophe Philos member of a French school of philosophy developed in the 70's; nouveau riche nouveau riche; nouveau roman nouveau roman; Nouveau Monde New World; Nouveau Réalisme New Realism; Nouveau Testament New Testament; Nouveaux pays industrialisés, NPI newly industrialized countries, NIC; Nouvel An New Year; fêter le Nouvel An to celebrate the New Year; pour le Nouvel An for the New Year; le Nouvel An chinois/juif the Chinese/Jewish New Year; nouvelle année = Nouvel An; nouvelle cuisine Culin nouvelle cuisine; Nouvelle Vague Cin New Wave.
    tout nouveau tout beau the novelty will soon wear off; pas de nouvelles, bonnes nouvelles! Prov no news is good news!
    [nuvo] (devant nom masculin commençant par voyelle ou 'h' muet nouvel [nuvɛl]) ( féminin nouvelle [nuvɛl], pluriel masculin nouveaux [nuvo], pluriel féminin nouvelles [nuvɛl]) adjectif
    1. [de fraîche date - appareil, modèle] new ; [ - pays] new, young
    c'est tout nouveau, ça vient de sortir
    a. it's new, it's just come out
    nouveaux mariés newlyweds, newly married couple
    2. [dernier en date] new, latest
    nouveaux élus [députés] new ou newly-elected deputies
    nouvel an, nouvelle année New Year
    3. [autre] further, new
    4. [original - découverte, idée] new, novel, original
    un esprit/un son nouveau est né a new spirit/sound is born
    une conception nouvelle a novel ou fresh approach
    porter un regard nouveau sur quelqu'un/quelque chose to take a fresh look at somebody/something
    5. [inhabituel] new
    ce dossier est nouveau pour moi this case is new to me, I'm new to this case
    6. [novateur]
    les Nouveaux philosophesgroup of left-wing, post-Marxist thinkers including André Glucksmann and Bernard-Henri Lévy who came to prominence in the late 1970s
    nouveau roman nouveau roman (term applied to the work, mainly in the 1950s and 1960s, of a number of novelists who rejected the assumptions of the traditional novel)
    nouveau, nouvelle nom masculin, nom féminin
    [élève] new boy ( feminine girl)
    [adulte] new man ( feminine woman)
    nouveau nom masculin
    ————————
    à nouveau locution adverbiale
    ————————
    de nouveau locution adverbiale
    ————————
    nouvelle vague nom féminin
    ————————
    nouvelle vague locution adjectivale invariable
    new-generation (modificateur)
    ————————
    Nouvelle Vague nom féminin
    This expression refers to a group of French filmmakers, including François Truffaut and Jean-Luc Godard, who broke away from conventional style and methods in the late 1950s and produced some of the most influential films of the period using simple techniques and everyday settings.

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > nouveau

  • 16 let

    I 1. transitive verb,
    -tt-, let
    1) (allow to) lassen

    don't let things get you down/worry you — lass dich nicht entmutigen/mach dir keine Sorgen

    don't let him upset you — reg dich seinetwegen nicht auf

    I'll come if you will let me — ich komme, wenn ich darf

    let somebody/something alone — jemanden/etwas in Ruhe lassen

    let alone — (far less) geschweige denn

    let somebody be — jemanden in Ruhe od. Frieden lassen

    let go [of] something/somebody — etwas/jemanden loslassen

    let somebody go — (from captivity) jemanden freilassen

    let go — (release hold) loslassen; (neglect) herunterkommen lassen [Haus]; (let pass) durchgehen lassen [Bemerkung]

    let it go [at that] — es dabei belassen od. bewenden lassen

    let oneself go — (neglect oneself) sich vernachlässigen; (abandon self-restraint) sich gehen lassen

    2) (cause to)

    let somebody think that... — jemanden in dem Glauben lassen, dass...

    I will let you know as soon as... — ich gebe Ihnen Bescheid, sobald...

    3) (release) ablassen [Wasser] (out of, from aus); lassen [Luft] ( out of aus)
    4) (Brit.): (rent out) vermieten [Haus, Wohnung, Büro]; verpachten [Gelände, Grundstück]

    ‘to let’ — "zu vermieten"

    2. auxiliary verb,
    -tt-, let
    1) in exhortations lassen

    let us suppose that... — nehmen wir [nur] einmal an, dass...

    Let's go to the cinema. - Yes, let's/No, let's not or don't let's — Komm/Kommt, wir gehen ins Kino. - Ja, gut/Nein, lieber nicht

    2) in command, challenge lassen

    let them come in — sie sollen hereinkommen; lassen Sie sie herein

    never let it be said that... — keiner soll sagen, dass...

    [just] let him try! — das soll er [nur] mal wagen!

    3. noun
    (Brit.)
    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/42535/let_down">let down
    II noun

    without let [or hindrance] — (formal/Law) ohne jede Behinderung

    * * *
    I [let] present participle - letting; verb
    1) (to allow or permit: She refused to let her children go out in the rain; Let me see your drawing.) lassen
    2) (to cause to: I will let you know how much it costs.) lassen
    3) (used for giving orders or suggestions: If they will not work, let them starve; Let's (= let us) leave right away!) lassen
    •
    - let alone
    - let someone or something alone/be
    - let alone/be
    - let down
    - let fall
    - let go of
    - let go
    - let in
    - out
    - let in for
    - let in on
    - let off
    - let up
    - let well alone     II [let] present participle - letting; verb
    (to give the use of (a house etc) in return for payment: He lets his house to visitors in the summer.) vermieten
    * * *
    let1
    [let]
    n
    1. SPORT Netzball m
    2. LAW
    without \let or hindrance ungehindert
    let2
    [let]
    I. n no pl esp BRIT Vermietung f; duration Mietfrist f
    to sign a five-year \let einen Mietvertrag für fünf Jahre unterschreiben
    to take sth on a \let etw mieten
    II. vt
    <-tt-, let, let>
    ▪ to \let sth/sb do sth etw/jdn etw tun lassen
    don't \let it worry you mach dir darüber [mal] keine Sorgen
    to \let one's hair grow sich dat die Haare [lang] wachsen lassen
    to \let one's shoes dry seine Schuhe trocknen lassen
    to \let sb alone [or ( fam) sb be] jdn in Ruhe [o Frieden] lassen
    \let him be! lass ihn in Ruhe!
    to \let sth alone (not touch) etw nicht anfassen; (not talk about) nicht über etw akk sprechen
    to \let sth alone [or rest] [or ( fam) be] (not pursue further) etw auf sich beruhen lassen
    sb \lets fall [or drop] [or slip] that... (unintentionally) es rutscht jdm heraus, dass...; (as if unintentionally) jd lässt so nebenbei die Bemerkung fallen, dass...
    to \let sb go (allow to depart) jdn gehen lassen; (release from grip) jdn loslassen [o SÜDD, ÖSTERR auslassen]; (from captivity) jdn freilassen [o fam laufen lassen]
    \let me go, you're hurting me! loslassen [o lass mich los], du tust mir weh!
    to \let sth go (neglect) etw vernachlässigen
    to \let sth go [or pass] etw durchgehen lassen
    to \let it go at that es dabei bewenden lassen
    to \let go [of sb/sth] ( also fig) [jdn/etw] loslassen [o SÜDD, ÖSTERR auslassen] a. fig
    \let go of my hand, you're hurting me! lass meine Hand los, du tust mir weh!
    ▪ to \let oneself go (give way to enthusiasm) aus sich dat herausgehen; (develop bad habits) sich akk gehenlassen
    2. (give permission)
    ▪ to \let sb do sth jdn etw tun lassen
    she wanted to go but her parents wouldn't \let her sie wollte gehen, aber ihre Eltern ließen sie nicht
    I'm \letting you stay up late just this once dieses eine Mal darfst du ausnahmsweise länger aufbleiben
    3. (make)
    ▪ to \let sb do sth jdn etw tun lassen
    to \let sb know sth jdn etw wissen lassen
    \let us know when you get there geben Sie uns Bescheid, wenn Sie dort ankommen
    \let me know if/why... lass mich wissen, wenn/warum...
    to \let it be known that... alle wissen lassen, dass...
    ▪ \let me/ \let's do sth lass mich/lass uns etw tun
    \let's go out to dinner! lass uns Essen gehen!, gehen wir essen!
    don't \let us argue lass uns nicht streiten
    \let's face it! sehen wir den Tatsachen ins Auge!
    \let's say he didn't think it was funny nehmen wir [mal] an, er fand es nicht lustig
    the British drink more tea than, \let's say, the German die Briten trinken mehr Tee als, sagen wir mal, die Deutschen
    \let us consider all the possibilities wollen wir einmal alle Möglichkeiten ins Auge fassen
    ▪ \let me/ \let's do sth lass mich/lass uns etw tun
    \let me/ \let's see,... also,...
    \let me think Moment [mal],..., lassen Sie mich [mal] nachdenken
    6. (expressing politeness)
    ▪ \let me/us... lassen Sie mich/uns zunächst einmal...
    \let me first ask you... erlauben Sie mir zunächst einmal die Frage...
    7. (making a threat)
    ▪ [don't] \let me do sth lass mich [bloß nicht] etw tun
    just \let me hear you say such a thing again and you'll be sorry! sag so etwas noch einmal und du wirst es [bitter] bereuen
    don't \let me catch you in here again! dass ich dich hier nicht noch einmal erwische!
    8. (expressing defiance)
    ▪ \let sb/sth do sth soll jd/etw doch etw tun
    \let them do what they like sollen sie doch machen, was sie wollen
    \let it rain von mir aus kann es ruhig regnen
    if he needs money, \let him earn it wenn er Geld braucht, soll er gefälligst arbeiten gehen
    \let there be no doubt about it! das möchte ich [doch] einmal klarstellen!
    ▪ to \let sb/sth... lasset...
    \let us pray lasset uns beten form
    \let there be light es werde Licht form
    10. MATH
    \let a equal 4 a ist gleich 4
    if we \let the angle x equal 70°... wenn der Winkel x gleich 70° ist,...
    11. esp BRIT, AUS (rent out)
    to \let sth etw vermieten
    “to \let” „zu vermieten“
    12.
    ▶ \let alone... geschweige denn...
    ▶ to \let it all hang out ( dated sl) über die Stränge schlagen fam
    ▶ to \let sb have it es jdm mal [ordentlich] geben fam
    ▶ to \let sth lie etw auf sich beruhen lassen
    to \let a matter lie for some time eine Angelegenheit eine Zeit lang ruhenlassen
    ▶ to \let fly [or rip] (sl) ausflippen sl
    ▶ to \let rip (do sth to extremes) es [mal so richtig] krachen lassen fam; (drive very fast) volle Pulle fahren fam, voll aufs Gas steigen ÖSTERR fam, Vollgas geben SCHWEIZ fam
    * * *
    I [let]
    n
    1) (TENNIS) Netz( ball m) nt
    2)
    II
    n

    they are looking for a let in this area — sie wollen eine Wohnung/ein Haus in dieser Gegend mieten

    III pret, ptp let
    vt
    1) (= permit) lassen

    she let me borrow the car — sie lieh mir das Auto, ich durfte ihr Auto nehmen

    he wants to but I won't let him —

    the particle wants to escape but the magnetic force won't let it — das Teilchen möchte sich frei machen, aber die magnetische Kraft verhindert es

    oh please let me — bitte, bitte, lass mich doch (mal)!

    to let sb/sth go, to let go of sb/sth — jdn/etw loslassen

    let me go! — lassen Sie mich los!, loslassen!

    See:
    → drop, fly
    2) (old causative) lassen

    let the bells be rung let it be known by all citizens that... — lasset die Glocken ertönen (liter) allen Bürgern sei kundgetan, dass... (old)

    let it be known that... — alle sollen wissen, dass...

    3)

    to let sb/sth alone — jdn/etw in Ruhe lassen

    we can't improve it any more, we'd better let it alone —

    please let me by/past — bitte, lassen Sie mich vorbei/durch

    to let sb/sth through — jdn/etw durchlassen

    4)

    let's go home — komm, wir gehen nach Hause

    yes, let's — oh ja!

    it's late, but yes let's — es ist spät, aber na ja, einverstanden

    don't let's or let's not fight —

    let him try (it)! — das soll er nur or mal versuchen!

    let me think or see, where did I put it? —

    let their need be never so great let there be music — mag ihre Not auch noch so groß sein lasst Musik erklingen

    let us suppose... — nehmen wir (mal) an, dass...

    See:
    → equal
    5) (esp Brit: hire out) vermieten

    "to let" — "zu vermieten"

    we can't find a house to let — wir können kein Haus finden, das zu mieten ist

    6)
    * * *
    let1 [let]
    A s Br
    a) Vermieten n, Vermietung f
    b) Mietobjekt n:
    he is looking for a let in London er will in London eine Wohnung oder ein Haus mieten, er sucht in London eine Wohnung oder ein Haus
    c) umg Mieter(in):
    they can’t find a let for their flat
    B v/t prät und pperf let
    1. lassen, jemandem erlauben:
    let him talk lass ihn reden;
    let me help you lassen Sie sich (von mir) helfen;
    he let himself be deceived er ließ sich täuschen;
    let sb know jemanden wissen lassen, jemandem Bescheid geben;
    a) etwas sein lassen, die Finger lassen von,
    b) jemanden, etwas in Ruhe lassen;
    a) (her)einlassen in (akk),
    b) jemanden in ein Geheimnis einweihen,
    c) ein Stück Stoff etc einsetzen in (akk);
    let sb off a penalty jemandem eine Strafe erlassen;
    let sb off a promise jemanden von einem Versprechen entbinden;
    she didn’t let him umg sie ließ ihn nicht; → let1 Bes Redew, severely 1, well1 D
    2. besonders Br vermieten, -pachten ( beide:
    to an akk;
    for auf ein Jahr etc):
    “to let” „zu vermieten“
    3. eine Arbeit etc vergeben (to an akk)
    C v/aux lassen, mögen, sollen (zur Umschreibung des Imperativs der 1. und 3. Person, von Befehlen etc):
    let us go! Yes, let’s! gehen wir! Ja, gehen wir! ( oder Ja, einverstanden!);
    let us pray lasset uns beten;
    let him go there at once! er soll sofort hingehen!;
    (just) let them try sie sollen es nur versuchen;
    let A be equal to B nehmen wir an, A ist gleich B
    D v/i
    1. besonders Br vermietet oder verpachtet werden (at, for für)
    2. sich gut etc vermieten oder verpachten lassen
    3. let into über jemanden herfallenBesondere Redewendungen: let alone
    a) geschweige denn, ganz zu schweigen von,
    b) → let1 B 1;
    a) etwas sein lassen, die Finger lassen von,
    b) jemanden, etwas in Ruhe lassen;
    let drive at sb auf jemanden losschlagen oder -feuern;
    a) fallen lassen,
    b) fig eine Bemerkung etc fallen lassen,
    c) MATH eine Senkrechte fällen (on, upon auf akk);
    a) etwas abschießen,
    b) fig etwas loslassen, vom Stapel lassen,
    c) schießen (at auf akk),
    d) fig grob werden, vom Leder ziehen (at gegen);
    let go loslassen;
    let sth go, let go of sth etwas loslassen;
    let o.s. go
    a) sich gehen lassen,
    b) aus sich herausgehen;
    let it go at that lass es dabei bewenden;
    don’t let it go any further erzählen Sie es nicht weiter; → loose A 1, slip1 B 1, etc
    let2 [let] s
    1. besonders Tennis: Let n, Netzaufschlag m:
    let! Netz!
    2. Hindernis n (obs außer in):
    without let or hindrance völlig unbehindert
    * * *
    I 1. transitive verb,
    -tt-, let
    1) (allow to) lassen

    don't let things get you down/worry you — lass dich nicht entmutigen/mach dir keine Sorgen

    I'll come if you will let me — ich komme, wenn ich darf

    let somebody/something alone — jemanden/etwas in Ruhe lassen

    let alone — (far less) geschweige denn

    let somebody be — jemanden in Ruhe od. Frieden lassen

    let go [of] something/somebody — etwas/jemanden loslassen

    let somebody go — (from captivity) jemanden freilassen

    let go — (release hold) loslassen; (neglect) herunterkommen lassen [Haus]; (let pass) durchgehen lassen [Bemerkung]

    let it go [at that] — es dabei belassen od. bewenden lassen

    let oneself go — (neglect oneself) sich vernachlässigen; (abandon self-restraint) sich gehen lassen

    let somebody think that... — jemanden in dem Glauben lassen, dass...

    I will let you know as soon as... — ich gebe Ihnen Bescheid, sobald...

    3) (release) ablassen [Wasser] (out of, from aus); lassen [Luft] ( out of aus)
    4) (Brit.): (rent out) vermieten [Haus, Wohnung, Büro]; verpachten [Gelände, Grundstück]

    ‘to let’ — "zu vermieten"

    2. auxiliary verb,
    -tt-, let
    1) in exhortations lassen

    let us suppose that... — nehmen wir [nur] einmal an, dass...

    Let's go to the cinema. - Yes, let's/No, let's not or don't let's — Komm/Kommt, wir gehen ins Kino. - Ja, gut/Nein, lieber nicht

    2) in command, challenge lassen

    let them come in — sie sollen hereinkommen; lassen Sie sie herein

    never let it be said that... — keiner soll sagen, dass...

    [just] let him try! — das soll er [nur] mal wagen!

    3. noun
    (Brit.)
    Phrasal Verbs:
    II noun

    without let [or hindrance] — (formal/Law) ohne jede Behinderung

    * * *
    v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: let)
    = erlauben v.
    lassen v.
    (§ p.,pp.: ließ, gelassen)
    vermieten v.
    zulassen v.

    English-german dictionary > let

  • 17 assumption

    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] assumption
    [Swahili Word] udhani
    [Part of Speech] noun
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] assumption
    [Swahili Word] udhanifu
    [Part of Speech] noun
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] assumption
    [English Plural] assumptions
    [Swahili Word] wazo
    [Swahili Plural] mawazo
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 5/6
    ------------------------------------------------------------

    English-Swahili dictionary > assumption

  • 18 theses

    тезис; диссертация
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. contentions (noun) contentions; contestations
    2. discourses (noun) discourses; disquisitions; dissertations; memoirs; monographs; treatises
    3. theories (noun) assumptions; posits; postulates; postulations; premises; presumptions; presuppositions; suppositions; surmises; theories

    English-Russian base dictionary > theses

  • 19 range

    range [reɪndʒ]
    1. noun
       a. [of mountains] chaîne f
       b. ( = distance covered) [of telescope, missile] portée f ; [of plane] rayon m d'action
       c. ( = extent between limits) [of prices, salaries] fourchette f ; [of temperature] écarts mpl
       d. ( = selection) gamme f
       e. ( = domain) [of influence] sphère f ; [of knowledge] étendue f
       f. also shooting range champ m de tir
       g. also kitchen range cuisinière f
       a. ( = place in a row) [+ objects] ranger ; [+ troops] aligner
       b. [+ gun, telescope] braquer (on sur)
    [discussion] s'étendre (from... to de... à) ( over sur ) ; [opinions] aller (from... to de... à)
    • the temperature ranges from 18° to 24° la température varie entre 18° et 24°
    * * *
    [reɪndʒ] 1.
    1) ( choice) (of prices, products) gamme f; (of activities, options) éventail m, choix m; (of people, abilities, beliefs, emotions) variété f; (of benefits, salaries) éventail m; (of issues, assumptions) série f

    age range — tranche f d'âge

    price/salary range — éventail de prix/des salaires

    in the £50-£100 range — entre 50 et 100 livres sterling

    2) ( scope) (of influence, knowledge) étendue f; (of investigation, research) domaine m
    3) (of radar, weapon, transmitter) portée f (of de)
    4) Aerospace, Automobile, Aviation autonomie f
    5) US ( prairie) prairie f
    6) ( of mountains) chaîne f
    7) ( stove) ( wood etc) fourneau m; (gas, electric) cuisinière f
    8) ( firing area) ( for weapons) champ m de tir; ( for missiles) zone f de tir
    9) ( of actor) répertoire m
    10) Music tessiture f
    2.
    1) ( set) opposer ( against à)
    2) ( draw up) aligner, ranger [forces]
    3.
    1) ( extend) aller ( from de; to à); ( vary) varier
    2) (roam, wander) vagabonder

    English-French dictionary > range

  • 20 contra

    contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.
    I.
    Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).
    A.
    Local.
    1.
    Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.
    a.
    With verb of being or position expressed or understood.
    (α).
    Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):

    feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:

    ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,

    id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:

    signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,

    Liv. 1, 18, 8:

    stat contra starique jubet,

    Juv. 3, 290:

    stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!

    Mart. 1, 55, 12:

    ulmus erat contra,

    in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:

    templa vides contra,

    in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:

    contra conserta manu,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—
    (β).
    Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):

    contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,

    Manil. 2, 253:

    posita contra Hispania,

    Tac. Agr. 11:

    promuntorium quod contra procedit,

    Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:

    arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,

    face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:

    jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),

    side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—
    b.
    With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.
    (α).
    Referring to persons:

    accede ad me atque adi contra,

    come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):

    adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:

    contra adspicere,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:

    contra intueri,

    Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:

    cum veniret contra Marcianus,

    Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—
    (β).
    Of things:

    hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,

    Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:

    quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,

    Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—
    2.
    Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,
    (α).
    In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:

    aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,

    at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—
    (β).
    In post-Aug. prose (very rare):

    at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    3.
    Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:

    quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,

    id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:

    qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,

    make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:

    si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:

    audi nunc contra jam,

    listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:

    at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,

    you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:

    Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,

    Liv. 1, 28, 1:

    contra ut me diligat illa,

    Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:

    cui latrans contra senex,

    Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:

    scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—

    Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,

    Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:

    contra talia reddit,

    Claud. B. Gild. 379.—
    (β).
    With dat. pers.:

    consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:

    facere contra huic aegre,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:

    hiscine contra insidiabere?

    id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:

    tibi contra gratiam Referre,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—
    (γ).
    With item:

    item a me contra factum est,

    Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:

    puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,

    id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—
    (δ).
    Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;

    Consonat terra,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:

    confer gradum Contra pariter,

    id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:

    video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:

    vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!

    Cat. 62, 6.—
    (ε).
    Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:

    si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,

    what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:

    si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;

    Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,

    to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:

    agedum pauca accipe contra,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:

    Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,

    Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:

    oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:

    dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?

    id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.
    B.
    Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.
    1.
    Of physical exertion.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,

    struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:

    nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,

    bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:

    at ille contra nititur,

    resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:

    pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,

    rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:

    et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,

    Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—
    2.
    Of mental exertion:

    si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,

    arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:

    siti contra... pugnandum,

    Cels. 4, 2 fin. —
    3.
    Of hostile opposition in gen.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,

    who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:

    contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,

    something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,

    Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—
    4.
    Of warfare.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,

    Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:

    quid quod exercitum contra duxit?

    Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:

    ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,

    if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:

    issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,

    Liv. 7, 39, 17:

    cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,

    would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:

    et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,

    Tac. A. 11, 10.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,

    Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—
    5.
    Of legal contests.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—
    (β).
    Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:

    quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?

    if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—
    (γ).
    On the part of the adversary:

    inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,

    Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—
    (δ).
    Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:

    ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,

    given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—
    6.
    Of literary opposition.
    (α).
    Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—
    (β).
    With other verbs:

    astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,

    Lucr. 5, 728:

    contra nunc illud pone, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:

    habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,

    some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—
    7.
    Of public and political opposition.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—
    (β).
    With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:

    nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,

    no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

    honores contra petere,

    Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:

    pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,

    Tac. A. 14, 45.—
    8.
    Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:

    si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,

    and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—
    9.
    With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).
    a.
    Absol.
    (α).
    Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:

    cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,

    would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:

    hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,

    id. Caecin. 33, 97:

    dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,

    id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:

    contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—
    (β).
    To make charges against (rare):

    si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,

    Cic. Clu. 48, 134:

    qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,

    id. Quint. 29, 88; so,

    contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,

    id. Fl. 21, 51.—
    (γ).
    In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:

    fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,

    contra disputare and contra scribere,

    id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:

    nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:

    ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,

    to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—
    (δ).
    To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:

    quam palam principes dixerunt contra!

    protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:

    cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:

    filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:

    contradicente nullo,

    Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—
    (ε).
    To reply:

    contradixit edicto,

    answered by an edict, Suet. Aug. 56. —
    (ζ).
    Abl. absol. impers.:

    explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,

    whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—
    b.
    With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:

    ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:

    ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,

    id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:

    aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,

    id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:

    ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),

    refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:

    quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:

    seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,

    or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:

    dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,

    the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—
    c.
    With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    To oppose a person by speaking against his views:

    solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,

    to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:

    tibi,

    Suet. Aug. 54:

    Curioni...,

    id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:

    volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,

    my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—
    (β).
    To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:

    cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,

    opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—
    (γ).
    To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:

    patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:

    cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,

    Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—
    (δ).
    With dat. of the petition:

    preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,

    which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—
    (ε).
    To contest the validity of a law (rare):

    quibus (legibus) contradici potest,

    Quint. 7, 7, 4.—
    (ζ).
    To contradict an assertion (very rare):

    pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,

    Quint. 5, 10, 13.—
    d.
    With quin, to object:

    praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,

    there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.
    C.
    To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;

    but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,

    Quint. 7, 3, 14:

    cum verba (legis) contra sint,

    id. 7, 1, 49:

    sed experimentum contra fuit,

    unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:

    ubi fortuna contra fuit,

    id. ib. 3, 18:

    si fortuna contra daret,

    should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.
    D.
    Of logical opposition, with negative force.
    1.
    Of a direct contrast.
    a.
    Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:

    quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,

    but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:

    in stultitia contra est,

    with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:

    in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),

    id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:

    quod contra est,

    Sall. J. 85, 21:

    quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:

    contra fore si, etc.,

    ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:

    immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),

    ib. 41, 3, 49:

    ego contra puto (i. e. esse),

    Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—
    b.
    With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:

    utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,

    of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:

    id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),

    id. Att. 10, 8, 2:

    contra evenit in iis morbis,

    Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:

    ego contra sentio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:

    Proculus contra (sc. sentit),

    ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:

    licet Celsus contra scribat,

    ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:

    cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,

    interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin. —
    c.
    Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.
    (α).
    To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:

    nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;

    quod contra, id turpe,

    id. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    sit sapienter usus aut contra,

    Quint. 2, 5, 15:

    lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),

    Col. 11, 3, 25.—
    (β).
    To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:

    ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,

    improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:

    quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—
    (γ).
    To a verbal predicate:

    an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),

    Dig. 34, 5, 19.—
    (δ).
    To a subject infinitive:

    laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,

    praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—
    (ε).
    To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:

    quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,

    those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;

    mihi contra,

    id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—
    (ζ).
    To an attributive genitive:

    Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),

    Sall. J. 88, 2:

    verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),

    Quint. 2, 4, 21:

    alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,

    the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;

    so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,

    Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—
    2.
    Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.
    a.
    With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;

    Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,

    Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:

    quae etiam contra valent,

    i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—
    b.
    Belonging to the same predicate:

    ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,

    Cic. Or. 36, 123:

    cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,

    Dig. 35, 2, 48:

    in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,

    Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:

    junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,

    id. 1, 5, 68:

    ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,

    but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:

    itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,

    Cic. Or. 42, 143:

    qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,

    or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.
    E.
    In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).
    1.
    In independent clauses.
    a.
    Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:

    ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

    ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:

    in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,

    Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:

    contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;

    so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,

    Just. 13, 1, 7.—
    b.
    Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;

    contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;

    nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,

    Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:

    justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,

    Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:

    si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—
    2.
    In opposition to a dependent clause:

    ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:

    cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,

    Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:

    cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:

    at contra,

    Lucr. 2, 392.—
    3.
    With co-ordinate conjunctions.
    a.
    Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.
    (α).
    With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 23:

    cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,

    Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:

    itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:

    nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,

    Quint. 10, 2, 22.—
    (β).
    With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:

    audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,

    Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:

    ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,

    id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—
    (γ).
    With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:

    atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!

    Cic. Balb. 22, 51:

    domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,

    Dig. 13, 7, 21:

    equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,

    Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—
    (δ).
    After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:

    in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,

    Cic. Sull. 7, 21:

    nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,

    id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,

    et contra,

    Suet. Tit. 7.—
    b.
    With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).
    (α).
    At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;

    At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,

    Lucr. 2, 400:

    cogunt,

    id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;

    at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:

    ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—
    (β).
    Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):

    non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:

    arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,

    Liv. 45, 18, 1:

    tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,

    Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:

    obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,

    Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—
    (γ).
    Contra autem (rare;

    in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,

    Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:

    sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,

    Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—
    (δ).
    Contra vero (very rare;

    not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,

    Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin. —
    (ε).
    Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—
    c.
    With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).
    (α).
    Aut contra:

    num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?

    Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:

    si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—
    (β).
    Vel contra:

    hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?

    Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—
    (γ).
    Seu contra:

    seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,

    Prop. 1, 11, 25.—
    d.
    With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;

    never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,

    Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —
    4.
    In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,
    (α).
    In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):

    aliis vero econtra videtur,

    Hier. Ep. 12.—
    (β).
    Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):

    honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,

    Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—
    5.
    With emphatic particles.
    a.
    Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);

    not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,

    Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—
    b.
    Immo contra (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    = no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:

    existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—
    (β).
    = sed contra, but on the contrary:

    proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,

    Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:

    immo contra ea,

    Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—
    c.
    Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):

    quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.
    F.
    With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.
    1.
    Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.
    (α).
    With atque:

    item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:

    simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:

    judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—
    (β).
    With ac:

    itaque contra est ac dicitis,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:

    vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,

    id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:

    cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,

    id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:

    Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,

    Sall. C. 60, 5.—
    (γ).
    With ac and atque:

    si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,

    Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—
    (δ).
    With quam (post-Aug.):

    cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:

    contra quam licet,

    id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—
    2.
    Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:

    mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,

    contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:

    ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,

    contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:

    contra quam ista causa postulasset,

    id. Caecin. 24, 67:

    contra quam sanctum legibus est,

    Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:

    contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,

    Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.
    II.
    Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).
    A.
    Local uses.
    1.
    Opposite, over against, facing.
    a.
    Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;

    adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:

    ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,

    id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:

    Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,

    Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:

    Carthago Italiam contra,

    Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:

    insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,

    Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—
    b.
    Of the heavenly bodies:

    donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,

    Lucr. 5, 708:

    contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,

    Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:

    cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:

    contra mediam faciem meridies erit,

    id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—
    c.
    Of opposite ends of a line.
    (α).
    Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—
    (β).
    Of a line drawn:

    contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,

    opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—
    d.
    Of buildings, etc.:

    contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:

    (statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,

    Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:

    contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—
    e.
    Of places on the human body:

    id quod contra stomachum est,

    Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;

    4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,

    Cels. 4, 1 fin. —
    2.
    Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:

    adversus, ad, e regione,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 61).
    a.
    In gen.:

    quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,

    Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:

    et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?

    Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:

    rex constiterat contra pedites,

    Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:

    ne contra septentrionem paveris,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:

    contra solem varie refulgens,

    placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;

    37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,

    id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—
    b.
    Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):

    (Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,

    towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:

    lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,

    Dig. 48, 8, 4.—
    c.
    Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—
    d.
    Against an opposing action, etc.:

    contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:

    cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,

    Vitr. 1, 6, 8:

    ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,

    Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:

    contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,

    id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:

    capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,

    id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:

    contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,

    Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:

    contra stimulum calces,

    kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—
    e.
    Of local actions with hostile intent.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?

    Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:

    Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),

    id. Att. 15, 20, 3:

    pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,

    to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:

    a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,

    id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:

    Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,

    Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:

    terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,

    i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:

    tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,

    will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:

    cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    (Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,

    when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—
    f.
    In partic.
    (α).
    Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:

    quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,

    Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:

    contra populi studium,

    Cic. Brut. 34, 126:

    contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,

    id. ib. 79, 273; so,

    a mendacio contra veritatem,

    id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:

    contra cives in acie,

    id. Att. 16, 11, 2:

    et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,

    opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:

    haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,

    Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin. —
    (β).
    Contra aliquem ire:

    aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,

    Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:

    uti contra injurias armati eatis,

    Sall. J. 31, 6:

    interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,

    Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—
    3.
    Transf.,
    a.
    To persons placed together for comparison:

    C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,

    Quint. 10, 1, 114:

    CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,

    Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—
    b.
    To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.
    (α).
    Lit. (very rare):

    quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    (β).
    Prop.:

    cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,

    Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:

    qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 9, 9:

    numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:

    tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,

    id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:

    nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,

    as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:

    (illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,

    Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:

    contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?

    Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,

    robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,

    id. ib. 13, 2;

    so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,
    c.
    Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):

    numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,

    superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):

    oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,

    Petr. 7, 6.—
    d.
    Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:

    contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 29:

    contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,

    Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:

    quae contra breviter fata est vates,

    Verg. A. 6, 398:

    contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,

    Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).
    B.
    Denoting hostility or disadvantage.
    1.
    With verbs of hostile action.
    a.
    Of physical exertion:

    pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,

    Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:

    proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,

    id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —
    b.
    Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.

    bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),

    Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:

    contra Antonium,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,

    contra patriam,

    id. Sull. 20, 58:

    pugnare contra patriam,

    id. ib. 25, 70:

    contra conjuges et liberos,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:

    armatum esse contra populum Romanum,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:

    armis contendere contra,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

    arma alicui dare (trop.),

    Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:

    aciem instruere (trop.),

    Liv. 25, 4, 4:

    exercitum comparare,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:

    exercitum instruere,

    id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    exercitum ducere and adducere,

    id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:

    exercitum contra Philippum mittere,

    id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

    naves ducere contra,

    Hor. Epod. 4, 19:

    ducere contra hostes,

    Liv. 1, 27, 4:

    florem Italiae educere contra,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    proficisci contra,

    to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:

    auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,

    Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:

    juvare aliquem contra,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 35:

    consilium inire contra Sequanos,

    to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—
    c.
    Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).
    (α).
    In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:

    cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,

    Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:

    (causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:

    rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,

    Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:

    esse contra,

    id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;

    at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,

    Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:

    causam defendere contra,

    against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:

    statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),

    to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:

    actio competit contra,

    Dig. 49, 14, 41:

    querelam instituere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:

    bonorum possessionem petere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 23:

    jus obtinere contra,

    Cic. Quint. 9, 34:

    pugnare contra,

    to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:

    id quod mihi contra illos datum est,

    i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:

    judicare contra aliquem,

    id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:

    pronuntiare contra,

    Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:

    decernere contra,

    Cic. Fl. 31, 76:

    appellare contra aliquem,

    Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:

    contra sententiam,

    Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:

    cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,

    Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—
    (β).
    Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:

    quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:

    contra rem suam me venisse questus est,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—
    (γ).
    With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:

    ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:

    cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,

    id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,

    causam dicere,

    id. Or. 2, 23, 98:

    causam perorare,

    id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:

    quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,

    id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:

    si Gaditani contra me dicerent,

    if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:

    si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:

    testimonium in aliquem dicere,

    id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):

    contra juris consultos dicere,

    against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:

    contra testes dicendum est,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:

    cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,

    Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:

    tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?

    Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —
    d.
    Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:

    cum scriberem contra Epicurios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:

    contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,

    id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:

    contra Brutum,

    id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:

    contra Academiam,

    id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:

    contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,

    id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—
    e.
    Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).
    (α).
    In gen.:

    sentire contra,

    Cic. Mil. 2, 5:

    pugnare contra bonos,

    id. Sull. 25, 71:

    contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,

    Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:

    (tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,

    Liv. 39, 32, 12.—
    (β).
    Of political speaking:

    cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,

    Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:

    adversus, in): inire consilia contra,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

    manum comparare contra aliquem,

    id. Sull. 24, 68:

    conjurationem facere,

    id. ib. 4, 12:

    congredi,

    id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:

    aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,

    Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:

    nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,

    against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:

    eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,

    operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:

    homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:

    epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:

    disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,

    to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—
    2.
    Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:

    licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,

    injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:

    res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,

    id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:

    nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,

    Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:

    quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,

    id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—
    3.
    Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:

    Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?

    or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:

    sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,

    id. Att. 7, 5, 5:

    judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,

    id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:

    cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,

    id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:

    fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,

    in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—
    4.
    Dependent on adjectives (rare):

    contra se ipse misericors,

    to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:

    severissimus judex contra fures,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—
    5.
    With nouns.
    a.
    Acc. to 1. b.:

    ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—
    b.
    Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).
    (α).
    Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:

    quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:

    Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,

    Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,

    haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:

    orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,

    id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—
    (β).
    Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:

    unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,

    Cic. Brut. 26, 99:

    (Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,

    id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—
    c.
    Acc. to 1. f.:

    contra patres concitatio et seditio,

    Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:

    contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,

    Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.
    C.
    With inanimate and abstract objects.
    1.
    Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).
    a.
    Of physical or moral exertion:

    cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,

    Verg. A. 10, 567:

    pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,

    Cic. Sen. 11, 35:

    contra verum niti,

    Sall. J. 35, 8:

    contra fortunam luctari,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—
    b.
    Of warfare (lit. and trop.):

    bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,

    id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:

    artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,

    Quint. 5, 13, 30.—
    c.
    Of legal contention.
    (α).
    Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:

    contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),

    Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:

    contra ratiocinationem,

    id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:

    contra caput dicere,

    to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:

    servum in caput domini interrogare,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:

    contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—
    (β).
    Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:

    contra tabulas judicare,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:

    contra testamentum,

    Dig. 2, 17, § 1:

    contra sententiam dicere,

    ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—
    (γ).
    Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:

    inmittere in bona),

    Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—
    d.
    Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.
    (α).
    To contend that something is false:

    dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:

    in sententiam dicere,

    in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):

    contra sensus dicere,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:

    contra rhetoricen dicere,

    Quint. 2, 17, 40.—
    (β).
    Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:

    contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,

    Vitr. 7, praef. 8:

    contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—
    (γ).
    Ethically:

    contra voluptatem dicere,

    that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:

    contra mortem loqui,

    that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;

    in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,

    id. ib. 100, 10:

    contra fortunam gloriari,

    that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—
    e.
    Of public and political acts and speeches:

    contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,

    Cic. Brut. 44, 164:

    contra legem dicere or verba facere,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:

    rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),

    Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—
    f.
    Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,

    directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:

    contra rem publicam se commovere,

    id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:

    incitari,

    id. Sest. 47, 100:

    consilia inire,

    id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:

    conjurationem facere,

    Sall. C. 30, 6:

    contra salutem urbis incitari,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

    cogitare aliquid contra salutem,

    id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:

    esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,

    id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:

    ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,

    do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:

    quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),

    Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—
    (β).
    In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:

    si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,

    contra salutem rei publicae facere,

    Cic. Dom. 38, 102:

    contra majestatem,

    against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:

    contra leges,

    Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:

    contra edictum (praetoris),

    Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:

    contra foedus,

    Cic. Balb. 6, 16:

    contra jusjurandum ac fidem,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:

    tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?

    Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):

    corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—
    2.
    Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).
    (α).
    With esse expressed as the predicate:

    hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,

    Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:

    contra leges or legem est,

    Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:

    contra officium est,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:

    adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,

    unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—
    (β).
    With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:

    scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:

    aliquid contra animum audiendi,

    something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:

    si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —
    (γ).
    Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:

    Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—
    3.
    Adverbially with the predicate.
    (α).
    In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):

    eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,

    that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:

    imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,

    to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,

    advocare contra,

    Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:

    si contra mortem te praeparaveris,

    to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—
    (β).
    With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:

    quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,

    Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:

    contra hominis salutem,

    with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—
    (γ).
    In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;

    syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:

    pecuniam contra leges auferre,

    id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

    contra legem,

    id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:

    contra jus fasque,

    id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:

    contra jus,

    Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:

    contra jus gentium,

    Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;

    6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,

    Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:

    contra testimonium aliquid judicare,

    without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:

    aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,

    contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:

    aliquid contra fidem constituere,

    Quint. 5, 13, 34:

    quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,

    contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—
    4.
    Dependent on substt.
    a.
    Of physical strife:

    scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),

    Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —
    b.
    Of warfare:

    imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,

    Cic. Mur. 39, 83:

    Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,

    Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—
    c.
    Of legal contention:

    causa contra scriptum,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—
    d.
    Of political speaking:

    divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,

    Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—
    e.
    Of literary opposition:

    Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,

    Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostility, etc.:

    cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

    ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,

    Liv. 6, 40, 5.—
    g.
    Of injury:

    vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,

    Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—
    h.
    Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):

    iter contra senatus auctoritatem,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:

    contra consuetudinem somnium,

    Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:

    bonorum possessio contra tabulas,

    Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—
    5.
    Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.

    II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.
    D.
    Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).
    1.
    Against persons.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:

    contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,

    provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:

    contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,

    Pall. 10, 3, 2.—
    b.
    Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:

    paratus contra,

    Cic. Mil. 21, 56:

    nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,

    Sall. J. 80, 1:

    contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,

    Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—
    2.
    Against inanimate and abstract things.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,

    Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

    propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:

    publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,

    id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

    contra tantas difficultates providere,

    Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,

    contra ea,

    id. ib. 57, 5:

    patricii vi contra vim resistunt,

    Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—
    b.
    Dependent on substt.:

    suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:

    defensio contra vim,

    id. Mil. 5, 14:

    patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,

    id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:

    contra labores patientia,

    id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—
    c.
    Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;

    in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,

    against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:

    ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:

    vir contra audaciam firmissimus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:

    fortis contra dolorem,

    Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:

    callosus,

    Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:

    far contra hiemes firmissimum,

    id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:

    equus tenax contra vincula,

    Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:

    contraque minantia fata pervigil,

    Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—
    3.
    Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).
    (α).
    Dependent on verbs:

    cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,

    Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:

    prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,

    id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:

    valet potum contra venena,

    id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—
    (β).
    Dependent on substt.:

    remedium contra morsus,

    Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:

    contra venena esse omnia remedio,

    id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—
    (γ).
    Dependent on adjectives:

    vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,

    Pall. 11, 14, 17.—
    (δ).
    Appositively, as a remedy:

    cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,

    Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:

    Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.
    E.
    Of logical opposition.
    1.
    With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).
    a.
    The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.

    I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,

    but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:

    omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,

    and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —
    b.
    Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):

    omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),

    but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;

    contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,

    Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;

    44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,

    Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):

    an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),

    Liv. 41, 24, 8.—
    c.
    Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):

    illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,

    whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:

    cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),

    Cic. Sen. 23, 84:

    quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,

    id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.

    Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,

    id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;

    v. Ritschl,

    Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—
    2.
    With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:

    contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,

    Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:

    Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),

    Sall. J. 88, 1; so,

    cetera contra spem salva invenit,

    Liv. 9, 23, 17:

    contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,

    id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;

    but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),

    Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:

    postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,

    Sall. J. 20, 1:

    ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),

    id. ib. 46, 5:

    contra famam,

    Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:

    segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,

    slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:

    frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,

    contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).
    F.
    Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.
    1.
    In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:

    quos contra disputant,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:

    quem contra dicit,

    id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):

    quem contra veneris,

    id. Mur. 4, 9:

    quas contra, praeter te, etc.,

    id. Vatin. 7, 18:

    eos ipsos quos contra statuas,

    id. Or. 10, 34:

    quos contra me senatus armavit,

    id. Att. 10, 8, 8:

    quam contra multa locutus est,

    Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—
    2.
    After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,

    Lucr. 4, 471:

    dicere eos contra,

    id. 4, 484:

    donique eum contra,

    id. 5, 708:

    agmina contra,

    Verg. A. 12, 279:

    magnum Alciden contra,

    id. ib. 5, 414:

    Paridem contra,

    id. ib. 5, 370:

    Italiam contra,

    id. ib. 1, 13:

    deos contra,

    Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:

    Messania moenia contra,

    id. M. 14, 17:

    litora Calabriae contra,

    Tac. A. 3, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > contra

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См. также в других словарях:

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